{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "93efc908",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# GlobalMinimization\n",
    "Example based  in\n",
    "http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DEoptim/DEoptim.pdf\n",
    "Please install the R package DEoptim before run this example.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "**Author:** Omar Zapata  \n",
    "<i><small>This notebook tutorial was automatically generated with <a href= \"https://github.com/root-project/root/blob/master/documentation/doxygen/converttonotebook.py\">ROOTBOOK-izer</a> from the macro found in the ROOT repository  on Tuesday, May 19, 2026 at 08:27 PM.</small></i>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "fedcc2a7",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
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     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.028024Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.053886Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.048341Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_44:1:9: fatal error: 'TRInterface.h' file not found\n",
      "#include<TRInterface.h>\n",
      "        ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%cpp -d\n",
    "#include<TRInterface.h>\n",
    "#include<TBenchmark.h>\n",
    "#include<cmath>\n",
    "#include<cstdlib>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9376a83e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " In the next function the *double pointer should be changed by a TVectorD datatype,\n",
    "because the pointer has no meaning in R's enviroment.\n",
    "This is a generalization of the RosenBrock function, with the min xi=1 and i>0.\n",
    " "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "152488b1",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.057390Z",
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     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.062523Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%cpp -d\n",
    "Double_t GenRosenBrock(const TVectorD xx )\n",
    "{\n",
    "   int length=xx.GetNoElements();\n",
    "\n",
    "   Double_t result=0;\n",
    "   for (int i=0;i<(length-1);i++) {\n",
    "      result+=pow(1-xx[i],2)+100*pow(xx[i+1]-pow(xx[i],2),2);\n",
    "   }\n",
    "   return result;\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c276196b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " the min xi=0 i>0\n",
    " "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "5d5c83ac",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.065470Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.065348Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.069965Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.068842Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%cpp -d\n",
    "Double_t Rastrigin(const TVectorD xx)\n",
    "{\n",
    "   int length=xx.GetNoElements();\n",
    "   Double_t result=10*length;\n",
    "   for (int i=0;i<length;i++) {\n",
    "      result+=xx[i]*xx[i]-10*cos(6.2831853*xx[i]);\n",
    "   }\n",
    "   return result;\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "76ff5c5f",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.071302Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.071189Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.385802Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.385172Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_47:3:7: error: 'R' is not a class, namespace, or enumeration\n",
      "ROOT::R::TRInterface &r=ROOT::R::TRInterface::Instance();\n",
      "      ^\n",
      "input_line_47:3:7: note: 'R' declared here\n",
      "input_line_47:3:31: error: no member named 'R' in namespace 'ROOT'\n",
      "ROOT::R::TRInterface &r=ROOT::R::TRInterface::Instance();\n",
      "                        ~~~~~~^\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "TBenchmark bench;\n",
    "ROOT::R::TRInterface &r=ROOT::R::TRInterface::Instance();\n",
    "\n",
    "Bool_t installed=r.Eval(\"is.element('DEoptim', installed.packages()[,1])\");\n",
    "if (!installed) {\n",
    "   std::cout<<\"Package DEoptim no installed in R\"<<std::endl;\n",
    "   std::cout<<\"Run install.packages('DEoptim') in R's environment\"<<std::endl;\n",
    "   return;\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a8580521",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "loading DEoptim"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "c39032d6",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.387439Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.387323Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.592775Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.592084Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_57:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'r'\n",
      " (r << \"suppressMessages(library(DEoptim, quietly = TRUE))\")\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (r << \"suppressMessages(library(DEoptim, quietly = TRUE))\")\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r<<\"suppressMessages(library(DEoptim, quietly = TRUE))\";"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "78b45fd9",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "passing RosenBrock function to R"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "4b229038",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.596858Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.596740Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.801997Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.801356Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_58:2:28: error: 'R' is not a class, namespace, or enumeration\n",
      " r[\"GenRosenBrock\"]<<ROOT::R::TRFunctionExport(GenRosenBrock);\n",
      "                           ^\n",
      "input_line_58:2:28: note: 'R' declared here\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r[\"GenRosenBrock\"]<<ROOT::R::TRFunctionExport(GenRosenBrock);"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "02b0eab9",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "maximun number of iterations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "d793f27d",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.803653Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:38.803516Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.008837Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.008183Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_60:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'r'\n",
      " (r[\"MaxIter\"] << 5000)\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (r[\"MaxIter\"] << 5000)\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r[\"MaxIter\"]<<5000;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d14fd533",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "n = size of vector that is an argument for GenRosenBrock"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "9d37240a",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
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     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.010330Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.215487Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.214939Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_62:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'r'\n",
      " (r[\"n\"] << 3)\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (r[\"n\"] << 3)\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r[\"n\"]<<3;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f0981fd1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "lower limits"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "cdcac9bd",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.217870Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.217752Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.423010Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.422382Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_64:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'r'\n",
      " (r << \"ll<-rep(-25, n)\")\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (r << \"ll<-rep(-25, n)\")\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r<<\"ll<-rep(-25, n)\";"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6dbc092c",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "upper limits"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "de60a000",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.424863Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.424745Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.638317Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.637559Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_66:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'r'\n",
      " (r << \"ul<-rep(25, n)\")\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (r << \"ul<-rep(25, n)\")\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r<<\"ul<-rep(25, n)\";\n",
    "\n",
    "bench.Start(\"GlobalMinimizationRosenBrock\");"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "eb089bd3",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "calling minimization and timing it."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "264c95dc",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.640063Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.639944Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.845028Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.844697Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_68:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'r'\n",
      " (r << \"result1<-DEoptim(fn=GenRosenBrock,lower=ll,upper=ul,control=list(NP=10*n,itermax=MaxIter,trace=FALSE))\")\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (r << \"result1<-DEoptim(fn=GenRosenBrock,lower=ll,upper=ul,control=list(NP=10*n,itermax=MaxIter,trace=FALSE))\")\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r<<\"result1<-DEoptim(fn=GenRosenBrock,lower=ll,upper=ul,control=list(NP=10*n,itermax=MaxIter,trace=FALSE))\";\n",
    "std::cout<<\"-----------------------------------------\"<<std::endl;\n",
    "std::cout<<\"RosenBrock's minimum in: \"<<std::endl;\n",
    "r<<\"print(result1$optim$bestmem)\";\n",
    "std::cout<<\"Bechmark Times\"<<std::endl;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "5bde76da",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "printing times"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "28d1510a",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.847163Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:39.847042Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.052246Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.051713Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_70:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'bench'\n",
      " (bench.Show(\"GlobalMinimizationRosenBrock\"))\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (bench.Show(\"GlobalMinimizationRosenBrock\"))\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bench.Show(\"GlobalMinimizationRosenBrock\");"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "861a771f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "passing RosenBrock function to R"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "bf7083e4",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.053685Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.053529Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.258650Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.258108Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_71:2:24: error: 'R' is not a class, namespace, or enumeration\n",
      " r[\"Rastrigin\"]<<ROOT::R::TRFunctionExport(Rastrigin);\n",
      "                       ^\n",
      "input_line_71:2:24: note: 'R' declared here\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r[\"Rastrigin\"]<<ROOT::R::TRFunctionExport(Rastrigin);"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ba6d4a37",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "maximun number of iterations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "2f313d83",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.260055Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.259943Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.465159Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.464582Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_73:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'r'\n",
      " (r[\"MaxIter\"] << 2000)\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (r[\"MaxIter\"] << 2000)\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r[\"MaxIter\"]<<2000;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "52b0595d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "n = size of a vector which is an argument for Rastrigin"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "3ee8fc91",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.466574Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.466464Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.671540Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.671011Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_75:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'r'\n",
      " (r[\"n\"] << 3)\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (r[\"n\"] << 3)\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r[\"n\"]<<3;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "be175048",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "lower limits"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "e63c8590",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
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     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.673086Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.879155Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.878304Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_77:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'r'\n",
      " (r << \"ll<-rep(-5, n)\")\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (r << \"ll<-rep(-5, n)\")\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r<<\"ll<-rep(-5, n)\";"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6b021d0b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "upper limits"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "079ac161",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.880562Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:40.880436Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.086858Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.086003Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_79:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'r'\n",
      " (r << \"ul<-rep(5, n)\")\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (r << \"ul<-rep(5, n)\")\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r<<\"ul<-rep(5, n)\";\n",
    "\n",
    "bench.Start(\"GlobalMinimizationRastrigin\");"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e0446c18",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "calling minimization and timing it."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "25355bd7",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.088317Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.088194Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.294525Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.293700Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_81:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'r'\n",
      " (r << \"result2<-DEoptim(fn=Rastrigin,lower=ll,upper=ul,control=list(NP=10*n,itermax=MaxIter,trace=FALSE))\")\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (r << \"result2<-DEoptim(fn=Rastrigin,lower=ll,upper=ul,control=list(NP=10*n,itermax=MaxIter,trace=FALSE))\")\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r<<\"result2<-DEoptim(fn=Rastrigin,lower=ll,upper=ul,control=list(NP=10*n,itermax=MaxIter,trace=FALSE))\";\n",
    "std::cout<<\"-----------------------------------------\"<<std::endl;\n",
    "std::cout<<\"Rastrigin's minimum in: \"<<std::endl;\n",
    "r<<\"print(result2$optim$bestmem)\";\n",
    "std::cout<<\"Bechmark Times\"<<std::endl;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "01ba9cdf",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "printing times"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "5df289db",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.295901Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.295778Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.502037Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.501164Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "input_line_83:2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'bench'\n",
      " (bench.Show(\"GlobalMinimizationRastrigin\"))\n",
      "  ^\n",
      "Error in <HandleInterpreterException>: Error evaluating expression (bench.Show(\"GlobalMinimizationRastrigin\"))\n",
      "Execution of your code was aborted.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bench.Show(\"GlobalMinimizationRastrigin\");"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8690f1c7",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "skip R plotting in batch mode"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "fc5c38bd",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.503474Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.503338Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.706142Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-19T20:27:41.705017Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "if (!gROOT->IsBatch()) {\n",
    "   r<<\"dev.new(title='RosenBrock Convergence')\";\n",
    "   r<<\"plot(result1,type='o',pch='.')\";\n",
    "   r<<\"dev.off()\";\n",
    "   r<<\"dev.new(title='Rastrigin Convergence')\";\n",
    "   r<<\"plot(result2,type='o',pch='.')\";\n",
    "   r<<\"dev.off()\";\n",
    "}"
   ]
  }
 ],
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   "file_extension": ".C",
   "mimetype": " text/x-c++src",
   "name": "c++"
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