RooRealVar.cxx

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/*****************************************************************************
 * Project: RooFit                                                           *
 * Package: RooFitCore                                                       *
 * @(#)root/roofitcore:$Id$
 * Authors:                                                                  *
 *   WV, Wouter Verkerke, UC Santa Barbara, verkerke@slac.stanford.edu       *
 *   DK, David Kirkby,    UC Irvine,         dkirkby@uci.edu                 *
 *                                                                           *
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2005, Regents of the University of California          *
 *                          and Stanford University. All rights reserved.    *
 *                                                                           *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms,                        *
 * with or without modification, are permitted according to the terms        *
 * listed in LICENSE (http://roofit.sourceforge.net/license.txt)             *
 *****************************************************************************/
 
/**
\file RooRealVar.cxx
\class RooRealVar
\ingroup Roofitcore
 
RooRealVar represents a variable that can be changed from the outside.
For example by the user or a fitter.
 
This class also holds an (asymmetic) error, a default range and
optionally a series of alternate named ranges.
**/
 
#include "RooRealVar.h"
 
#include "RooStreamParser.h"
#include "RooErrorVar.h"
#include "RooRangeBinning.h"
#include "RooCmdConfig.h"
#include "RooMsgService.h"
#include "RooParamBinning.h"
#include "RooVectorDataStore.h"
#include "RooTrace.h"
#include "RooRealVarSharedProperties.h"
#include "RooUniformBinning.h"
#include "RooSentinel.h"
 
#include "TTree.h"
 
using namespace std;
 
ClassImp(RooRealVar);
;
 
Bool_t RooRealVar::_printScientific(kFALSE) ;
Int_t  RooRealVar::_printSigDigits(5) ;
 
static bool staticSharedPropListCleanedUp = false;
 
/// Return a reference to a map of weak pointers to RooRealVarSharedProperties.
std::map<std::string,std::weak_ptr<RooRealVarSharedProperties>>* RooRealVar::sharedPropList()
{
  RooSentinel::activate();
  if(!staticSharedPropListCleanedUp) {
    static auto * staticSharedPropList = new std::map<std::string,std::weak_ptr<RooRealVarSharedProperties>>();
    return staticSharedPropList;
  }
  return nullptr;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Explicitely deletes the shared properties list on exit to avoid problems
/// with the initialization order. Meant to be only used internally in RooFit
/// by RooSentinel.
 
void RooRealVar::cleanup()
{
  if(sharedPropList()) {
    delete sharedPropList();
    staticSharedPropListCleanedUp = true;
  }
}
 
/// Return a dummy object to use when properties are not initialised.
RooRealVarSharedProperties& RooRealVar::_nullProp()
{
  static const std::unique_ptr<RooRealVarSharedProperties> nullProp(new RooRealVarSharedProperties("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"));
  return *nullProp; 
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Default constructor
 
RooRealVar::RooRealVar()  :  _error(0), _asymErrLo(0), _asymErrHi(0), _binning(new RooUniformBinning())
{
  _fast = kTRUE ;
  TRACE_CREATE
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Constructor with value and unit
 
RooRealVar::RooRealVar(const char *name, const char *title,
             Double_t value, const char *unit) :
  RooAbsRealLValue(name, title, unit), _error(-1), _asymErrLo(1), _asymErrHi(-1),
  _binning(new RooUniformBinning(-1,1,100))
{
  _value = value ;
  _fast = kTRUE ;
  removeRange();
  setConstant(kTRUE) ;
  TRACE_CREATE
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Constructor with range and unit. Initial value is center of range
 
RooRealVar::RooRealVar(const char *name, const char *title,
             Double_t minValue, Double_t maxValue,
             const char *unit) :
  RooAbsRealLValue(name, title, unit), _error(-1), _asymErrLo(1), _asymErrHi(-1),
  _binning(new RooUniformBinning(minValue,maxValue,100))
{
  _fast = kTRUE ;
 
  if (RooNumber::isInfinite(minValue)) {
    if (RooNumber::isInfinite(maxValue)) {
      // [-inf,inf]
      _value = 0 ;
    } else {
      // [-inf,X]
      _value= maxValue ;
    }
  } else {
    if (RooNumber::isInfinite(maxValue)) {
      // [X,inf]
      _value = minValue ;
    } else {
      // [X,X]
      _value= 0.5*(minValue + maxValue);
    }
  }
 
  //   setPlotRange(minValue,maxValue) ;
  setRange(minValue,maxValue) ;
  TRACE_CREATE
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Constructor with value, range and unit
 
RooRealVar::RooRealVar(const char *name, const char *title,
             Double_t value, Double_t minValue, Double_t maxValue,
             const char *unit) :
  RooAbsRealLValue(name, title, unit), _error(-1), _asymErrLo(1), _asymErrHi(-1),
  _binning(new RooUniformBinning(minValue,maxValue,100))
{
    _fast = kTRUE ;
    setRange(minValue,maxValue) ;
 
    Double_t clipValue ;
    inRange(value,0,&clipValue) ;
    _value = clipValue ;
 
    TRACE_CREATE
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Copy Constructor
 
RooRealVar::RooRealVar(const RooRealVar& other, const char* name) :
  RooAbsRealLValue(other,name),
  _error(other._error),
  _asymErrLo(other._asymErrLo),
  _asymErrHi(other._asymErrHi)
{
  _sharedProp = other.sharedProp();
  if (other._binning) {
     _binning.reset(other._binning->clone());
     _binning->insertHook(*this) ;
  }
  _fast = kTRUE ;
 
  //cout << "RooRealVar::cctor(this = " << this << " name = " << GetName() << ", other = " << &other << ")" << endl ;
 
  RooAbsBinning* ab ;
  TIterator* iter = other._altNonSharedBinning.MakeIterator() ;
  while((ab=(RooAbsBinning*)iter->Next())) {
    RooAbsBinning* abc = ab->clone() ;
    //cout << "cloning binning " << ab << " into " << abc << endl ;
    _altNonSharedBinning.Add(abc) ;
    abc->insertHook(*this) ;
  }
  delete iter ;
 
  TRACE_CREATE
 
}
 
/// Assign the values of another RooRealVar to this instance.
RooRealVar& RooRealVar::operator=(const RooRealVar& other) {
  RooAbsRealLValue::operator=(other);
 
  _error = other._error;
  _asymErrLo = other._asymErrLo;
  _asymErrHi = other._asymErrHi;
 
  _binning.reset();
  if (other._binning) {
    _binning.reset(other._binning->clone());
    _binning->insertHook(*this) ;
  }
 
  _altNonSharedBinning.Clear();
  RooAbsBinning* ab ;
  std::unique_ptr<TIterator> iter(other._altNonSharedBinning.MakeIterator());
  while((ab=(RooAbsBinning*)iter->Next())) {
    RooAbsBinning* abc = ab->clone() ;
    _altNonSharedBinning.Add(abc) ;
    abc->insertHook(*this) ;
  }
 
  _sharedProp = other.sharedProp();
 
  return *this;
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Destructor
 
RooRealVar::~RooRealVar()
{
  _altNonSharedBinning.Delete() ;
 
  // We should not forget to explicitely call deleteSharedProperties() in the
  // destructor, because this is where the expired weak_ptrs in the
  // _sharedPropList get erased.
  deleteSharedProperties();
 
  TRACE_DESTROY
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Return value of variable
 
Double_t RooRealVar::getValV(const RooArgSet*) const
{
  return _value ;
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Return batch of data between begin and end.
/// This requires that this instance is attached to a data store.
/// \param begin First event to return.
/// \param batchSize   Size of the batch.
/// \return Span with event data. May be empty if not attached to a data storage.
RooSpan<const double> RooRealVar::getValBatch(std::size_t begin, std::size_t batchSize,
    const RooArgSet*) const {
  const auto batchStatus = _batchData.status(begin, batchSize);
  if (batchStatus == BatchHelpers::BatchData::kNoBatch) {
    return {};
  }
 
  assert(batchStatus == BatchHelpers::BatchData::kReadyAndConstant);
  return _batchData.getBatch(begin, batchSize);
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Set value of variable to 'value'. If 'value' is outside
/// range of object, clip value into range
 
void RooRealVar::setVal(Double_t value)
{
  Double_t clipValue ;
  inRange(value,0,&clipValue) ;
 
  if (clipValue != _value) {
    setValueDirty() ;
    _value = clipValue;
  }
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Set value of variable to 'value'. If 'value' is outside
/// range named 'rangeName' of object, clip value into that range
 
void RooRealVar::setVal(Double_t value, const char* rangeName)
{
  Double_t clipValue ;
  inRange(value,rangeName,&clipValue) ;
 
  if (clipValue != _value) {
    setValueDirty() ;
    _value = clipValue;
  }
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Return a RooAbsRealLValue representing the error associated
/// with this variable. The callers takes ownership of the
/// return object
 
RooErrorVar* RooRealVar::errorVar() const
{
  TString name(GetName()), title(GetTitle()) ;
  name.Append("err") ;
  title.Append(" Error") ;
 
  return new RooErrorVar(name,title,*this) ;
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Returns true if variable has a binning with 'name'
 
Bool_t RooRealVar::hasBinning(const char* name) const
{
  return sharedProp()->_altBinning.FindObject(name) ? kTRUE : kFALSE ;
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Return binning definition with name. If binning with 'name' is not found it is created
/// on the fly as a clone of the default binning if createOnTheFly is true, otherwise
/// a reference to the default binning is returned. If verbose is true a message
/// is printed if a binning is created on the fly.
 
const RooAbsBinning& RooRealVar::getBinning(const char* name, Bool_t verbose, Bool_t createOnTheFly) const
{
  return const_cast<RooRealVar*>(this)->getBinning(name, verbose, createOnTheFly) ;
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Return binning definition with name. If binning with 'name' is not found it is created
/// on the fly as a clone of the default binning if createOnTheFly is true, otherwise
/// a reference to the default binning is returned. If verbose is true a message
/// is printed if a binning is created on the fly.
 
RooAbsBinning& RooRealVar::getBinning(const char* name, Bool_t verbose, Bool_t createOnTheFly)
{
  // Return default (normalization) binning and range if no name is specified
  if (name==0) {
    return *_binning ;
  }
 
  // Check if non-shared binning with this name has been created already
  RooAbsBinning* binning = (RooAbsBinning*) _altNonSharedBinning.FindObject(name) ;
  if (binning) {
    return *binning ;
  }
 
  // Check if binning with this name has been created already
  binning = (RooAbsBinning*) (sharedProp()->_altBinning).FindObject(name) ;
  if (binning) {
    return *binning ;
  }
 
 
  // Return default binning if requested binning doesn't exist
  if (!createOnTheFly) {
    return *_binning ;
  }
 
  // Create a new RooRangeBinning with this name with default range
  binning = new RooRangeBinning(getMin(),getMax(),name) ;
  if (verbose) {
    coutI(Eval) << "RooRealVar::getBinning(" << GetName() << ") new range named '"
      << name << "' created with default bounds" << endl ;
  }
  sharedProp()->_altBinning.Add(binning) ;
 
  return *binning ;
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Get a list of all binning names. An empty name implies the default binning and
/// a NULL pointer should be passed to getBinning in this case.
 
std::list<std::string> RooRealVar::getBinningNames() const
{
  std::list<std::string> binningNames;
  if (_binning) {
    binningNames.push_back("");
  }
 
  RooFIter iter = _altNonSharedBinning.fwdIterator();
  const RooAbsArg* binning = 0;
  while((binning = iter.next())) {
    const char* name = binning->GetName();
    binningNames.push_back(string(name));
  }
  iter = sharedProp()->_altBinning.fwdIterator();
  binning = 0;
  while((binning = iter.next())) {
    const char* name = binning->GetName();
    binningNames.push_back(string(name));
  }
  return binningNames;
}
 
void RooRealVar::removeMin(const char* name) {
  getBinning(name).setMin(-RooNumber::infinity());
}
void RooRealVar::removeMax(const char* name) {
  getBinning(name).setMax(RooNumber::infinity());
}
void RooRealVar::removeRange(const char* name) {
  getBinning(name).setRange(-RooNumber::infinity(),RooNumber::infinity());
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Create a uniform binning under name 'name' for this variable.
/// \param[in] nBins Number of bins. The limits are taken from the currently set limits.
/// \param[in] name Optional name. If name is null, install as default binning.
void RooRealVar::setBins(Int_t nBins, const char* name) {
  setBinning(RooUniformBinning(getMin(name),getMax(name),nBins),name);
}
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Add given binning under name 'name' with this variable. If name is null
/// the binning is installed as the default binning
void RooRealVar::setBinning(const RooAbsBinning& binning, const char* name)
{
  // Process insert hooks required for parameterized binnings
  if (!name) {
    RooAbsBinning* newBinning = binning.clone() ;
    if (_binning) {
      _binning->removeHook(*this) ;
    }
    newBinning->insertHook(*this) ;
    _binning.reset(newBinning);
  } else {
 
    RooLinkedList* altBinning = binning.isShareable() ? &(sharedProp()->_altBinning) : &_altNonSharedBinning ;
 
    RooAbsBinning* newBinning = binning.clone() ;
 
    // Remove any old binning with this name
    RooAbsBinning* oldBinning = (RooAbsBinning*) altBinning->FindObject(name) ;
    if (oldBinning) {
      altBinning->Remove(oldBinning) ;
      oldBinning->removeHook(*this) ;
      delete oldBinning ;
    }
 
    // Insert new binning in list of alternative binnings
    newBinning->SetName(name) ;
    newBinning->SetTitle(name) ;
    newBinning->insertHook(*this) ;
    altBinning->Add(newBinning) ;
 
  }
 
 
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Set minimum of name range to given value. If name is null
/// minimum of default range is set
 
void RooRealVar::setMin(const char* name, Double_t value)
{
  // Set new minimum of fit range
  RooAbsBinning& binning = getBinning(name,kTRUE,kTRUE) ;
 
  // Check if new limit is consistent
  if (value >= getMax()) {
    coutW(InputArguments) << "RooRealVar::setMin(" << GetName()
           << "): Proposed new fit min. larger than max., setting min. to max." << endl ;
    binning.setMin(getMax()) ;
  } else {
    binning.setMin(value) ;
  }
 
  // Clip current value in window if it fell out
  if (!name) {
    Double_t clipValue ;
    if (!inRange(_value,0,&clipValue)) {
      setVal(clipValue) ;
    }
  }
 
  setShapeDirty() ;
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Set maximum of name range to given value. If name is null
/// maximum of default range is set
 
void RooRealVar::setMax(const char* name, Double_t value)
{
  // Set new maximum of fit range
  RooAbsBinning& binning = getBinning(name,kTRUE,kTRUE) ;
 
  // Check if new limit is consistent
  if (value < getMin()) {
    coutW(InputArguments) << "RooRealVar::setMax(" << GetName()
           << "): Proposed new fit max. smaller than min., setting max. to min." << endl ;
    binning.setMax(getMin()) ;
  } else {
    binning.setMax(value) ;
  }
 
  // Clip current value in window if it fell out
  if (!name) {
    Double_t clipValue ;
    if (!inRange(_value,0,&clipValue)) {
      setVal(clipValue) ;
    }
  }
 
  setShapeDirty() ;
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Set range named 'name to [min,max]. If name is null
/// range of default range is adjusted. If no range with
/// 'name' exists it is created on the fly
 
void RooRealVar::setRange(const char* name, Double_t min, Double_t max)
{
  Bool_t exists = name ? (sharedProp()->_altBinning.FindObject(name)?kTRUE:kFALSE) : kTRUE ;
 
  // Set new fit range
  RooAbsBinning& binning = getBinning(name,kFALSE,kTRUE) ;
 
  // Check if new limit is consistent
  if (min>max) {
    coutW(InputArguments) << "RooRealVar::setRange(" << GetName()
           << "): Proposed new fit max. smaller than min., setting max. to min." << endl ;
    binning.setRange(min,min) ;
  } else {
    binning.setRange(min,max) ;
  }
 
  if (!exists) {
    coutI(Eval) << "RooRealVar::setRange(" << GetName()
      << ") new range named '" << name << "' created with bounds ["
      << min << "," << max << "]" << endl ;
  }
 
  setShapeDirty() ;
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Create or modify a parameterized range named 'name' that has external functions
/// min and max parameterizing its boundaries.
 
void RooRealVar::setRange(const char* name, RooAbsReal& min, RooAbsReal& max)
{
  RooParamBinning pb(min,max,100) ;
  setBinning(pb,name) ;
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Read object contents from given stream
 
Bool_t RooRealVar::readFromStream(istream& is, Bool_t compact, Bool_t verbose)
{
  TString token,errorPrefix("RooRealVar::readFromStream(") ;
  errorPrefix.Append(GetName()) ;
  errorPrefix.Append(")") ;
  RooStreamParser parser(is,errorPrefix) ;
  Double_t value(0) ;
 
  if (compact) {
    // Compact mode: Read single token
    if (parser.readDouble(value,verbose)) return kTRUE ;
    if (isValidReal(value,verbose)) {
      setVal(value) ;
      return kFALSE ;
    } else {
      return kTRUE ;
    }
 
  } else {
    // Extended mode: Read multiple tokens on a single line
    Bool_t haveValue(kFALSE) ;
    Bool_t haveConstant(kFALSE) ;
    removeError() ;
    removeAsymError() ;
 
    Bool_t reprocessToken = kFALSE ;
    while(1) {
      if (parser.atEOL() || parser.atEOF()) break ;
 
      if (!reprocessToken) {
   token=parser.readToken() ;
      }
      reprocessToken = kFALSE ;
 
      if (!token.CompareTo("+")) {
 
   // Expect +/- as 3-token sequence
   if (parser.expectToken("/",kTRUE) ||
       parser.expectToken("-",kTRUE)) {
     break ;
   }
 
   // Next token is error or asymmetric error, check if first char of token is a '('
   TString tmp = parser.readToken() ;
   if (tmp.CompareTo("(")) {
     // Symmetric error, convert token do double
 
     Double_t error ;
     parser.convertToDouble(tmp,error) ;
     setError(error) ;
 
   } else {
     // Have error
     Double_t asymErrLo=0., asymErrHi=0.;
     if (parser.readDouble(asymErrLo,kTRUE) ||
         parser.expectToken(",",kTRUE) ||
         parser.readDouble(asymErrHi,kTRUE) ||
         parser.expectToken(")",kTRUE)) break ;
     setAsymError(asymErrLo,asymErrHi) ;
   }
 
      } else if (!token.CompareTo("C")) {
 
   // Set constant
   setConstant(kTRUE) ;
   haveConstant = kTRUE ;
 
      } else if (!token.CompareTo("P")) {
 
   // Next tokens are plot limits
   Double_t plotMin(0), plotMax(0) ;
        Int_t plotBins(0) ;
   if (parser.expectToken("(",kTRUE) ||
       parser.readDouble(plotMin,kTRUE) ||
       parser.expectToken("-",kTRUE) ||
       parser.readDouble(plotMax,kTRUE) ||
            parser.expectToken(":",kTRUE) ||
            parser.readInteger(plotBins,kTRUE) ||
       parser.expectToken(")",kTRUE)) break ;
//    setPlotRange(plotMin,plotMax) ;
   coutW(Eval) << "RooRealVar::readFromStrem(" << GetName()
        << ") WARNING: plot range deprecated, removed P(...) token" << endl ;
 
      } else if (!token.CompareTo("F")) {
 
   // Next tokens are fit limits
   Double_t fitMin, fitMax ;
   Int_t fitBins ;
   if (parser.expectToken("(",kTRUE) ||
       parser.readDouble(fitMin,kTRUE) ||
       parser.expectToken("-",kTRUE) ||
       parser.readDouble(fitMax,kTRUE) ||
       parser.expectToken(":",kTRUE) ||
       parser.readInteger(fitBins,kTRUE) ||
       parser.expectToken(")",kTRUE)) break ;
   //setBins(fitBins) ;
   //setRange(fitMin,fitMax) ;
   coutW(Eval) << "RooRealVar::readFromStream(" << GetName()
        << ") WARNING: F(lo-hi:bins) token deprecated, use L(lo-hi) B(bins)" << endl ;
   if (!haveConstant) setConstant(kFALSE) ;
 
      } else if (!token.CompareTo("L")) {
 
   // Next tokens are fit limits
   Double_t fitMin = 0.0, fitMax = 0.0;
// Int_t fitBins ;
   if (parser.expectToken("(",kTRUE) ||
       parser.readDouble(fitMin,kTRUE) ||
       parser.expectToken("-",kTRUE) ||
       parser.readDouble(fitMax,kTRUE) ||
       parser.expectToken(")",kTRUE)) break ;
   setRange(fitMin,fitMax) ;
   if (!haveConstant) setConstant(kFALSE) ;
 
      } else if (!token.CompareTo("B")) {
 
   // Next tokens are fit limits
   Int_t fitBins = 0;
   if (parser.expectToken("(",kTRUE) ||
       parser.readInteger(fitBins,kTRUE) ||
       parser.expectToken(")",kTRUE)) break ;
   setBins(fitBins) ;
 
      } else {
   // Token is value
   if (parser.convertToDouble(token,value)) { parser.zapToEnd() ; break ; }
   haveValue = kTRUE ;
   // Defer value assignment to end
      }
    }
    if (haveValue) setVal(value) ;
    return kFALSE ;
  }
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Write object contents to given stream
 
void RooRealVar::writeToStream(ostream& os, Bool_t compact) const
{
  if (compact) {
    // Write value only
    os << getVal() ;
  } else {
 
    // Write value with error (if not zero)
    if (_printScientific) {
      char fmtVal[16], fmtErr[16] ;
      snprintf(fmtVal,16,"%%.%de",_printSigDigits) ;
      snprintf(fmtErr,16,"%%.%de",(_printSigDigits+1)/2) ;
      if (_value>=0) os << " " ;
      os << Form(fmtVal,_value) ;
 
      if (hasAsymError()) {
   os << " +/- (" << Form(fmtErr,getAsymErrorLo())
      << ", " << Form(fmtErr,getAsymErrorHi()) << ")" ;
      } else  if (hasError()) {
   os << " +/- " << Form(fmtErr,getError()) ;
      }
 
      os << " " ;
    } else {
      TString* tmp = format(_printSigDigits,"EFA") ;
      os << tmp->Data() << " " ;
      delete tmp ;
    }
 
    // Append limits if not constants
    if (isConstant()) {
      os << "C " ;
    }
 
    // Append fit limits
    os << "L(" ;
    if(hasMin()) {
      os << getMin();
    }
    else {
      os << "-INF";
    }
    if(hasMax()) {
      os << " - " << getMax() ;
    }
    else {
      os << " - +INF";
    }
    os << ") " ;
 
    if (getBins()!=100) {
      os << "B(" << getBins() << ") " ;
    }
 
    // Add comment with unit, if unit exists
    if (!_unit.IsNull())
      os << "// [" << getUnit() << "]" ;
  }
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Print value of variable
 
void RooRealVar::printValue(ostream& os) const
{
  os << getVal() ;
 
  if(hasError() && !hasAsymError()) {
    os << " +/- " << getError() ;
  } else if (hasAsymError()) {
    os << " +/- (" << getAsymErrorLo() << "," << getAsymErrorHi() << ")" ;
  }
 
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Print extras of variable: (asymmetric) error, constant flag, limits and binning
 
void RooRealVar::printExtras(ostream& os) const
{
  // Append limits if not constants
  if (isConstant()) {
    os << "C " ;
  }
 
  // Append fit limits
  os << " L(" ;
  if(hasMin()) {
    os << getMin();
  }
  else {
    os << "-INF";
  }
  if(hasMax()) {
    os << " - " << getMax() ;
  }
  else {
    os << " - +INF";
  }
  os << ") " ;
 
  if (getBins()!=100) {
    os << "B(" << getBins() << ") " ;
  }
 
  // Add comment with unit, if unit exists
  if (!_unit.IsNull())
    os << "// [" << getUnit() << "]" ;
 
//   cout << " _value = " << &_value << " _error = " << &_error ;
 
 
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Mapping of Print() option string to RooPrintable contents specifications
 
Int_t RooRealVar::defaultPrintContents(Option_t* opt) const
{
  if (opt && TString(opt)=="I") {
    return kName|kClassName|kValue ;
  }
  return kName|kClassName|kValue|kExtras ;
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Detailed printing interface
 
void RooRealVar::printMultiline(ostream& os, Int_t contents, Bool_t verbose, TString indent) const
{
  RooAbsRealLValue::printMultiline(os,contents,verbose,indent);
  os << indent << "--- RooRealVar ---" << endl;
  TString unit(_unit);
  if(!unit.IsNull()) unit.Prepend(' ');
  os << indent << "  Error = " << getError() << unit << endl;
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Format contents of RooRealVar for pretty printing on RooPlot
/// parameter boxes. This function processes the named arguments
/// taken by paramOn() and translates them to an option string
/// parsed by RooRealVar::format(Int_t sigDigits, const char *options)
 
TString* RooRealVar::format(const RooCmdArg& formatArg) const
{
  RooCmdArg tmp(formatArg) ;
  tmp.setProcessRecArgs(kTRUE) ;
 
  RooCmdConfig pc(Form("RooRealVar::format(%s)",GetName())) ;
  pc.defineString("what","FormatArgs",0,"") ;
  pc.defineInt("autop","FormatArgs::AutoPrecision",0,2) ;
  pc.defineInt("fixedp","FormatArgs::FixedPrecision",0,2) ;
  pc.defineInt("tlatex","FormatArgs::TLatexStyle",0,0) ;
  pc.defineInt("latex","FormatArgs::LatexStyle",0,0) ;
  pc.defineInt("latext","FormatArgs::LatexTableStyle",0,0) ;
  pc.defineInt("verbn","FormatArgs::VerbatimName",0,0) ;
  pc.defineMutex("FormatArgs::TLatexStyle","FormatArgs::LatexStyle","FormatArgs::LatexTableStyle") ;
  pc.defineMutex("FormatArgs::AutoPrecision","FormatArgs::FixedPrecision") ;
 
  // Process & check varargs
  pc.process(tmp) ;
  if (!pc.ok(kTRUE)) {
    return 0 ;
  }
 
  // Extract values from named arguments
  TString options ;
  options = pc.getString("what") ;
 
  if (pc.getInt("tlatex")) {
    options += "L" ;
  } else if (pc.getInt("latex")) {
    options += "X" ;
  } else if (pc.getInt("latext")) {
    options += "Y" ;
  }
 
  if (pc.getInt("verbn")) options += "V" ;
  Int_t sigDigits = 2 ;
  if (pc.hasProcessed("FormatArgs::AutoPrecision")) {
    options += "P" ;
    sigDigits = pc.getInt("autop") ;
  } else if (pc.hasProcessed("FormatArgs::FixedPrecision")) {
    options += "F" ;
    sigDigits = pc.getInt("fixedp") ;
  }
 
  return format(sigDigits,options) ;
}
 
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Format numeric value of RooRealVar and its error in a variety of ways
///
/// To control what is shown use the following options
/// N = show name
/// H = hide value
/// E = show error
/// A = show asymmetric error instead of parabolic error (if available)
/// U = show unit
///
/// To control how it is shown use these options
/// L = TLatex mode
/// X = Latex mode
/// Y = Latex table mode ( '=' replaced by '&' )
/// V = Make name \\verbatim in Latex mode
/// P = use error to control shown precision
/// F = force fixed precision
///
 
TString *RooRealVar::format(Int_t sigDigits, const char *options) const
{
  //cout << "format = " << options << endl ;
 
  // parse the options string
  TString opts(options);
  opts.ToLower();
  Bool_t showName= opts.Contains("n");
  Bool_t hideValue= opts.Contains("h");
  Bool_t showError= opts.Contains("e");
  Bool_t showUnit= opts.Contains("u");
  Bool_t tlatexMode= opts.Contains("l");
  Bool_t latexMode= opts.Contains("x");
  Bool_t latexTableMode = opts.Contains("y") ;
  Bool_t latexVerbatimName = opts.Contains("v") ;
 
  if (latexTableMode) latexMode = kTRUE ;
  Bool_t asymError= opts.Contains("a") ;
  Bool_t useErrorForPrecision= (((showError && hasError(kFALSE) && !isConstant()) || opts.Contains("p")) && !opts.Contains("f")) ;
  // calculate the precision to use
  if(sigDigits < 1) sigDigits= 1;
  Int_t leadingDigitVal = 0;
  if (useErrorForPrecision) {
    leadingDigitVal = (Int_t)floor(log10(fabs(_error+1e-10)));
    if (_value==0&&_error==0) leadingDigitVal=0 ;
  } else {
    leadingDigitVal = (Int_t)floor(log10(fabs(_value+1e-10)));
    if (_value==0) leadingDigitVal=0 ;
  }
  Int_t leadingDigitErr= (Int_t)floor(log10(fabs(_error+1e-10)));
  Int_t whereVal= leadingDigitVal - sigDigits + 1;
  Int_t whereErr= leadingDigitErr - sigDigits + 1;
  char fmtVal[16], fmtErr[16];
 
  if (_value<0) whereVal -= 1 ;
  snprintf(fmtVal,16,"%%.%df", whereVal < 0 ? -whereVal : 0);
  snprintf(fmtErr,16,"%%.%df", whereErr < 0 ? -whereErr : 0);
  TString *text= new TString();
  if(latexMode) text->Append("$");
  // begin the string with "<name> = " if requested
  if(showName) {
    if (latexTableMode && latexVerbatimName) {
      text->Append("\\verb+") ;
    }
    text->Append(getPlotLabel());
    if (latexVerbatimName) text->Append("+") ;
 
    if (!latexTableMode) {
      text->Append(" = ");
    } else {
      text->Append(" $ & $ ");
    }
  }
 
  // Add leading space if value is positive
  if (_value>=0) text->Append(" ") ;
 
  // append our value if requested
  char buffer[256];
  if(!hideValue) {
    chopAt(_value, whereVal);
    snprintf(buffer, 256,fmtVal, _value);
    text->Append(buffer);
  }
 
  // append our error if requested and this variable is not constant
  if(hasError(kFALSE) && showError && !(asymError && hasAsymError(kFALSE))) {
    if(tlatexMode) {
      text->Append(" #pm ");
    }
    else if(latexMode) {
      text->Append("\\pm ");
    }
    else {
      text->Append(" +/- ");
    }
    snprintf(buffer, 256,fmtErr, getError());
    text->Append(buffer);
  }
 
  if (asymError && hasAsymError() && showError) {
    if(tlatexMode) {
      text->Append(" #pm ");
      text->Append("_{") ;
      snprintf(buffer, 256,fmtErr, getAsymErrorLo());
      text->Append(buffer);
      text->Append("}^{+") ;
      snprintf(buffer, 256,fmtErr, getAsymErrorHi());
      text->Append(buffer);
      text->Append("}") ;
    }
    else if(latexMode) {
      text->Append("\\pm ");
      text->Append("_{") ;
      snprintf(buffer, 256,fmtErr, getAsymErrorLo());
      text->Append(buffer);
      text->Append("}^{+") ;
      snprintf(buffer, 256,fmtErr, getAsymErrorHi());
      text->Append(buffer);
      text->Append("}") ;
    }
    else {
      text->Append(" +/- ");
      text->Append(" (") ;
      snprintf(buffer, 256, fmtErr, getAsymErrorLo());
      text->Append(buffer);
      text->Append(", ") ;
      snprintf(buffer, 256, fmtErr, getAsymErrorHi());
      text->Append(buffer);
      text->Append(")") ;
    }
 
  }
 
  // append our units if requested
  if(!_unit.IsNull() && showUnit) {
    text->Append(' ');
    text->Append(_unit);
  }
  if(latexMode) text->Append("$");
  return text;
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Utility to calculate number of decimals to show
/// based on magnitude of error
 
Double_t RooRealVar::chopAt(Double_t what, Int_t where) const
{
  Double_t scale= pow(10.0,where);
  Int_t trunc= (Int_t)floor(what/scale + 0.5);
  return (Double_t)trunc*scale;
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Overload RooAbsReal::attachToTree to also attach
/// branches for errors  and/or asymmetric errors
/// attribute StoreError and/or StoreAsymError are set
 
void RooRealVar::attachToVStore(RooVectorDataStore& vstore)
{
  // Follow usual procedure for value
 
  if (getAttribute("StoreError") || getAttribute("StoreAsymError") || vstore.isFullReal(this) ) {
 
    RooVectorDataStore::RealFullVector* rfv = vstore.addRealFull(this) ;
    rfv->setBuffer(this,&_value);
 
    _batchData.attachForeignStorage(rfv->data());
 
    // Attach/create additional branch for error
    if (getAttribute("StoreError") || vstore.hasError(this) ) {
      rfv->setErrorBuffer(&_error) ;
    }
 
    // Attach/create additional branches for asymmetric error
    if (getAttribute("StoreAsymError") || vstore.hasAsymError(this)) {
      rfv->setAsymErrorBuffer(&_asymErrLo,&_asymErrHi) ;
    }
 
  } else {
 
    RooAbsReal::attachToVStore(vstore) ;
 
  }
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Overload RooAbsReal::attachToTree to also attach
/// branches for errors  and/or asymmetric errors
/// attribute StoreError and/or StoreAsymError are set
 
void RooRealVar::attachToTree(TTree& t, Int_t bufSize)
{
  // Follow usual procedure for value
  RooAbsReal::attachToTree(t,bufSize) ;
//   cout << "RooRealVar::attachToTree(" << this << ") name = " << GetName()
//        << " StoreError = " << (getAttribute("StoreError")?"T":"F") << endl ;
 
  // Attach/create additional branch for error
  if (getAttribute("StoreError")) {
    TString errName(GetName()) ;
    errName.Append("_err") ;
    TBranch* branch = t.GetBranch(errName) ;
    if (branch) {
      t.SetBranchAddress(errName,&_error) ;
    } else {
      TString format2(errName);
      format2.Append("/D");
      t.Branch(errName, &_error, (const Text_t*)format2, bufSize);
    }
  }
 
  // Attach/create additional branches for asymmetric error
  if (getAttribute("StoreAsymError")) {
    TString loName(GetName()) ;
    loName.Append("_aerr_lo") ;
    TBranch* lobranch = t.GetBranch(loName) ;
    if (lobranch) {
      t.SetBranchAddress(loName,&_asymErrLo) ;
    } else {
      TString format2(loName);
      format2.Append("/D");
      t.Branch(loName, &_asymErrLo, (const Text_t*)format2, bufSize);
    }
 
    TString hiName(GetName()) ;
    hiName.Append("_aerr_hi") ;
    TBranch* hibranch = t.GetBranch(hiName) ;
    if (hibranch) {
      t.SetBranchAddress(hiName,&_asymErrHi) ;
    } else {
      TString format2(hiName);
      format2.Append("/D");
      t.Branch(hiName, &_asymErrHi, (const Text_t*)format2, bufSize);
    }
  }
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Overload RooAbsReal::fillTreeBranch to also
/// fill tree branches with (asymmetric) errors
/// if requested.
 
void RooRealVar::fillTreeBranch(TTree& t)
{
  // First determine if branch is taken
  TString cleanName(cleanBranchName()) ;
  TBranch* valBranch = t.GetBranch(cleanName) ;
  if (!valBranch) {
    coutE(Eval) << "RooAbsReal::fillTreeBranch(" << GetName() << ") ERROR: not attached to tree" << endl ;
    assert(0) ;
  }
  valBranch->Fill() ;
 
  if (getAttribute("StoreError")) {
    TString errName(GetName()) ;
    errName.Append("_err") ;
    TBranch* errBranch = t.GetBranch(errName) ;
    if (errBranch) errBranch->Fill() ;
  }
 
  if (getAttribute("StoreAsymError")) {
    TString loName(GetName()) ;
    loName.Append("_aerr_lo") ;
    TBranch* loBranch = t.GetBranch(loName) ;
    if (loBranch) loBranch->Fill() ;
 
    TString hiName(GetName()) ;
    hiName.Append("_aerr_hi") ;
    TBranch* hiBranch = t.GetBranch(hiName) ;
    if (hiBranch) hiBranch->Fill() ;
  }
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Copy the cached value of another RooAbsArg to our cache
/// Warning: This function copies the cached values of source,
///          it is the callers responsibility to make sure the cache is clean
 
void RooRealVar::copyCache(const RooAbsArg* source, Bool_t valueOnly, Bool_t setValDirty)
{
  // Follow usual procedure for valueklog
  RooAbsReal::copyCache(source,valueOnly,setValDirty) ;
 
  if (valueOnly) return ;
 
  // Copy error too, if source has one
  RooRealVar* other = dynamic_cast<RooRealVar*>(const_cast<RooAbsArg*>(source)) ;
  if (other) {
    // Copy additional error value
    _error = other->_error ;
    _asymErrLo = other->_asymErrLo ;
    _asymErrHi = other->_asymErrHi ;
  }
}
 
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Stream an object of class RooRealVar.
 
void RooRealVar::Streamer(TBuffer &R__b)
{
  UInt_t R__s, R__c;
  if (R__b.IsReading()) {
 
    Version_t R__v = R__b.ReadVersion(&R__s, &R__c); if (R__v) { }
    RooAbsRealLValue::Streamer(R__b);
    if (R__v==1) {
      coutI(Eval) << "RooRealVar::Streamer(" << GetName() << ") converting version 1 data format" << endl ;
      Double_t fitMin, fitMax ;
      Int_t fitBins ;
      R__b >> fitMin;
      R__b >> fitMax;
      R__b >> fitBins;
      _binning.reset(new RooUniformBinning(fitMin,fitMax,fitBins));
    }
    R__b >> _error;
    R__b >> _asymErrLo;
    R__b >> _asymErrHi;
    if (R__v>=2) {
      RooAbsBinning* binning;
      R__b >> binning;
      _binning.reset(binning);
    }
    if (R__v==3) {
      // In v3, properties were written as pointers, so read now and install:
      RooRealVarSharedProperties* tmpProp;
      R__b >> tmpProp;
      installSharedProp(std::shared_ptr<RooRealVarSharedProperties>(tmpProp));
    }
    if (R__v>=4) {
      // In >= v4, properties were written directly, but they might be the "_nullProp"
      auto tmpProp = std::make_shared<RooRealVarSharedProperties>();
      tmpProp->Streamer(R__b);
      installSharedProp(std::move(tmpProp));
    }
 
    R__b.CheckByteCount(R__s, R__c, RooRealVar::IsA());
 
  } else {
 
    R__c = R__b.WriteVersion(RooRealVar::IsA(), kTRUE);
    RooAbsRealLValue::Streamer(R__b);
    R__b << _error;
    R__b << _asymErrLo;
    R__b << _asymErrHi;
    R__b << _binning.get();
    if (_sharedProp) {
      _sharedProp->Streamer(R__b) ;
    } else {
      _nullProp().Streamer(R__b) ;
    }
    R__b.SetByteCount(R__c, kTRUE);
 
  }
}
 
/// Hand out our shared property, create on the fly and register
/// in shared map if necessary.
std::shared_ptr<RooRealVarSharedProperties> RooRealVar::sharedProp() const {
  if (!_sharedProp) {
    const_cast<RooRealVar*>(this)->installSharedProp(std::make_shared<RooRealVarSharedProperties>());
  }
 
  return _sharedProp;
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Install the shared property into the member _sharedProp.
/// If a property with same name already exists, discard the incoming one,
/// and share the existing.
/// `nullptr` and properties equal to the RooRealVar::_nullProp will not be installed.
void RooRealVar::installSharedProp(std::shared_ptr<RooRealVarSharedProperties>&& prop) {
  if (prop == nullptr || (*prop == _nullProp())) {
    _sharedProp = nullptr;
    return;
  }
 
 
  auto& weakPtr = (*sharedPropList())[prop->asString().Data()];
  std::shared_ptr<RooRealVarSharedProperties> existingProp;
  if ( (existingProp = weakPtr.lock()) ) {
    // Property exists, discard incoming
    _sharedProp = std::move(existingProp);
    // Incoming is not allowed to delete the binnings now - they are owned by the other instance
    prop->disownBinnings();
  } else {
    // Doesn't exist. Install, register weak pointer for future sharing
    _sharedProp = std::move(prop);
    weakPtr = _sharedProp;
  }
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Stop sharing properties.
void RooRealVar::deleteSharedProperties()
{
  // Nothing to do if there were no shared properties to begin with.
  if(!_sharedProp) return;
 
  // Get the key for the _sharedPropList.
  const std::string key = _sharedProp->asString().Data();
 
  // Actually delete the shared properties object.
  _sharedProp.reset();
 
  // If the _sharedPropList was already deleted, we can return now.
  if(!sharedPropList()) return;
 
  // Find the std::weak_ptr that the _sharedPropList holds to our
  // _sharedProp.
  auto iter = sharedPropList()->find(key);
 
  // If no other RooRealVars shared the shared properties with us, the
  // weak_ptr in _sharedPropList is expired and we can erase it from the map.
  if(iter->second.expired()) {
    sharedPropList()->erase(iter);
  }
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// If true, contents of RooRealVars will be printed in scientific notation
 
void RooRealVar::printScientific(Bool_t flag)
{
  _printScientific = flag ;
}
 
 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Set number of digits to show when printing RooRealVars
 
void RooRealVar::printSigDigits(Int_t ndig)
{
  _printSigDigits = ndig>1?ndig:1 ;
}