TTree Class Reference

A TTree represents a columnar dataset.

Any C++ type can be stored in its columns.

A TTree, often called in jargon tree, consists of a list of independent columns or branches, represented by the TBranch class. Behind each branch, buffers are allocated automatically by ROOT. Such buffers are automatically written to disk or kept in memory until the size stored in the attribute fMaxVirtualSize is reached. Variables of one branch are written to the same buffer. A branch buffer is automatically compressed if the file compression attribute is set (default). Branches may be written to different files (see TBranch::SetFile).

The ROOT user can decide to make one single branch and serialize one object into one single I/O buffer or to make several branches. Making several branches is particularly interesting in the data analysis phase, when it is desirable to have a high reading rate and not all columns are equally interesting

Create a TTree to store columnar data

• Construct a TTree
• Add a column of Fundamental Types and Arrays thereof
• Add a column of a STL Collection instances
• Add a column holding an object
• Add a column holding a TObjectArray
• Fill the tree
• Add a column to an already existing Tree
• An Example

Construct a TTree

TTree tree(name, title)

Creates a Tree with name and title.

Various kinds of branches can be added to a tree:

• Variables representing fundamental types, simple classes/structures or list of variables: for example for C or Fortran structures.
• Any C++ object or collection, provided by the STL or ROOT.

In the following, the details about the creation of different types of branches are given.

Add a column ("branch") holding fundamental types and arrays thereof

This strategy works also for lists of variables, e.g. to describe simple structures. It is strongly recommended to persistify those as objects rather than lists of leaves.

auto branch = tree.Branch(branchname, address, leaflist, bufsize)

• address is the address of the first item of a structure

• leaflist is the concatenation of all the variable names and types separated by a colon character : The variable name and the variable type are separated by a slash (/). The variable type must be 1 character. (Characters after the first are legal and will be appended to the visible name of the leaf, but have no effect.) If no type is given, the type of the variable is assumed to be the same as the previous variable. If the first variable does not have a type, it is assumed of type F by default. The list of currently supported types is given below:

  • C : a character string terminated by the 0 character
  • B : an 8 bit signed integer (Char_t); Treated as a character when in an array.
  • b : an 8 bit unsigned integer (UChar_t)
  • S : a 16 bit signed integer (Short_t)
  • s : a 16 bit unsigned integer (UShort_t)
  • I : a 32 bit signed integer (Int_t)
  • i : a 32 bit unsigned integer (UInt_t)
  • F : a 32 bit floating point (Float_t)
  • f : a 24 bit floating point with truncated mantissa (Float16_t)
  • D : a 64 bit floating point (Double_t)
  • d : a 24 bit truncated floating point (Double32_t)
  • L : a 64 bit signed integer (Long64_t)
  • l : a 64 bit unsigned integer (ULong64_t)
  • G : a long signed integer, stored as 64 bit (Long_t)
  • g : a long unsigned integer, stored as 64 bit (ULong_t)
  • O : [the letter o, not a zero] a boolean (Bool_t)

  Examples:

  • A int: "myVar/I"
  • A float array with fixed size: "myArrfloat[42]/F"
  • An double array with variable size, held by the myvar column: "myArrdouble[myvar]/D"
  • An Double32_t array with variable size, held by the myvar column , with values between 0 and 16: "myArr[myvar]/d[0,10]"
  • The myvar column, which holds the variable size, MUST be an Int_t (/I).
• If the address points to a single numerical variable, the leaflist is optional:

  int value;
  tree->Branch(branchname, &value);

• If the address points to more than one numerical variable, we strongly recommend that the variable be sorted in decreasing order of size. Any other order will result in a non-portable TTree (i.e. you will not be able to read it back on a platform with a different padding strategy). We recommend to persistify objects rather than composite leaflists.
• In case of the truncated floating point types (Float16_t and Double32_t) you can furthermore specify the range in the style [xmin,xmax] or [xmin,xmax,nbits] after the type character. For example, for storing a variable size array myArr of Double32_t with values within a range of [0, 2*pi] and the size of which is stored in an Int_t (/I) branch called myArrSize, the syntax for the leaflist string would be: myArr[myArrSize]/d[0,twopi]. Of course the number of bits could be specified, the standard rules of opaque typedefs annotation are valid. For example, if only 18 bits were sufficient, the syntax would become: myArr[myArrSize]/d[0,twopi,18]

Adding a column holding STL collection instances (e.g. std::vector, std::list, std::unordered_map)

auto branch = tree.Branch( branchname, STLcollection, buffsize, splitlevel);

STLcollection is the address of a pointer to std::vector, std::list, std::deque, std::set or std::multiset containing pointers to objects. If the splitlevel is a value bigger than 100 (TTree::kSplitCollectionOfPointers) then the collection will be written in split mode, e.g. if it contains objects of any types deriving from TTrack this function will sort the objects based on their type and store them in separate branches in split mode.

branch->SetAddress(void *address)

In case of dynamic structures changing with each entry for example, one must redefine the branch address before filling the branch again. This is done via the TBranch::SetAddress member function.

Add a column holding objects

MyClass object;
auto branch = tree.Branch(branchname, &object, bufsize, splitlevel)

Note: The 2nd parameter must be the address of a valid object. The object must not be destroyed (i.e. be deleted) until the TTree is deleted or TTree::ResetBranchAddress is called.

• if splitlevel=0, the object is serialized in the branch buffer.
• if splitlevel=1 (default), this branch will automatically be split into subbranches, with one subbranch for each data member or object of the object itself. In case the object member is a TClonesArray, the mechanism described in case C is applied to this array.
• if splitlevel=2 ,this branch will automatically be split into subbranches, with one subbranch for each data member or object of the object itself. In case the object member is a TClonesArray, it is processed as a TObject*, only one branch.

Another available syntax is the following:

auto branch = tree.Branch(branchname, &p_object, bufsize, splitlevel)
auto branch = tree.Branch(branchname, className, &p_object, bufsize, splitlevel)

• p_object is a pointer to an object.
• If className is not specified, Branch uses the type of p_object to determine the type of the object.
• If className is used to specify explicitly the object type, the className must be of a type related to the one pointed to by the pointer. It should be either a parent or derived class.

Note: The pointer whose address is passed to TTree::Branch must not be destroyed (i.e. go out of scope) until the TTree is deleted or TTree::ResetBranchAddress is called.

Note: The pointer p_object must be initialized before calling TTree::Branch

• Do either:

  MyDataClass* p_object = nullptr;
  tree.Branch(branchname, &p_object);

• Or:

  auto p_object = new MyDataClass;
  tree.Branch(branchname, &p_object);

  Whether the pointer is set to zero or not, the ownership of the object is not taken over by the TTree. I.e. even though an object will be allocated by TTree::Branch if the pointer p_object is zero, the object will not be deleted when the TTree is deleted.

Add a column holding TClonesArray instances

It is recommended to use STL containers instead of TClonesArrays*.

// clonesarray is the address of a pointer to a TClonesArray.
auto branch = tree.Branch(branchname,clonesarray, bufsize, splitlevel)

The TClonesArray is a direct access list of objects of the same class. For example, if the TClonesArray is an array of TTrack objects, this function will create one subbranch for each data member of the object TTrack.

Fill the Tree

A TTree instance is filled with the invocation of the TTree::Fill method:

tree.Fill()

Upon its invocation, a loop on all defined branches takes place that for each branch invokes the TBranch::Fill method.

Add a column to an already existing Tree

You may want to add a branch to an existing tree. For example, if one variable in the tree was computed with a certain algorithm, you may want to try another algorithm and compare the results. One solution is to add a new branch, fill it, and save the tree. The code below adds a simple branch to an existing tree. Note the kOverwrite option in the Write method, it overwrites the existing tree. If it is not specified, two copies of the tree headers are saved.

void tree3AddBranch() {
    TFile f("tree3.root", "update");
 
    Float_t new_v;
    auto t3 = f->Get<TTree>("t3");
    auto newBranch = t3->Branch("new_v", &new_v, "new_v/F");
 
    Long64_t nentries = t3->GetEntries(); // read the number of entries in the t3
 
    for (Long64_t i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {
        new_v = gRandom->Gaus(0, 1);
        newBranch->Fill();
    }
 
    t3->Write("", TObject::kOverwrite); // save only the new version of the tree
}

It is not always possible to add branches to existing datasets stored in TFiles: for example, these files might not be writeable, just readable. In addition, modifying in place a TTree causes a new TTree instance to be written and the previous one to be deleted. For this reasons, ROOT offers the concept of friends for TTree and TChain: if is good practice to rely on friend trees rather than adding a branch manually.

An Example

    // A simple example with histograms and a tree
    //
    // This program creates :
    //    - a one dimensional histogram
    //    - a two dimensional histogram
    //    - a profile histogram
    //    - a tree
    //
    // These objects are filled with some random numbers and saved on a file.
 
    #include "TFile.h"
    #include "TH1.h"
    #include "TH2.h"
    #include "TProfile.h"
    #include "TRandom.h"
    #include "TTree.h"
 
    //__________________________________________________________________________
    main(int argc, char **argv)
    {
    // Create a new ROOT binary machine independent file.
    // Note that this file may contain any kind of ROOT objects, histograms,trees
    // pictures, graphics objects, detector geometries, tracks, events, etc..
    // This file is now becoming the current directory.
    TFile hfile("htree.root","RECREATE","Demo ROOT file with histograms & trees");
 
    // Create some histograms and a profile histogram
    TH1F hpx("hpx","This is the px distribution",100,-4,4);
    TH2F hpxpy("hpxpy","py ps px",40,-4,4,40,-4,4);
    TProfile hprof("hprof","Profile of pz versus px",100,-4,4,0,20);
 
    // Define some simple structures
    typedef struct {Float_t x,y,z;} POINT;
    typedef struct {
       Int_t ntrack,nseg,nvertex;
       UInt_t flag;
       Float_t temperature;
    } EVENTN;
    POINT point;
    EVENTN eventn;
 
    // Create a ROOT Tree
    TTree tree("T","An example of ROOT tree with a few branches");
    tree.Branch("point",&point,"x:y:z");
    tree.Branch("eventn",&eventn,"ntrack/I:nseg:nvertex:flag/i:temperature/F");
    tree.Branch("hpx","TH1F",&hpx,128000,0);
 
    Float_t px,py,pz;
 
    // Here we start a loop on 1000 events
    for ( Int_t i=0; i<1000; i++) {
       gRandom->Rannor(px,py);
       pz = px*px + py*py;
       const auto random = gRandom->::Rndm(1);
 
       // Fill histograms
       hpx.Fill(px);
       hpxpy.Fill(px,py,1);
       hprof.Fill(px,pz,1);
 
       // Fill structures
       point.x = 10*(random-1);
       point.y = 5*random;
       point.z = 20*random;
       eventn.ntrack  = Int_t(100*random);
       eventn.nseg    = Int_t(2*eventn.ntrack);
       eventn.nvertex = 1;
       eventn.flag    = Int_t(random+0.5);
       eventn.temperature = 20+random;
 
       // Fill the tree. For each event, save the 2 structures and 3 objects
       // In this simple example, the objects hpx, hprof and hpxpy are slightly
       // different from event to event. We expect a big compression factor!
       tree->Fill();
    }
    // End of the loop
 
    tree.Print();
 
    // Save all objects in this file
    hfile.Write();
 
    // Close the file. Note that this is automatically done when you leave
    // the application upon file destruction.
    hfile.Close();
 
    return 0;
}

PyROOT

The TTree class has several additions for its use from Python, which are also available in its subclasses e.g. TChain and TNtuple.

First, TTree instances are iterable in Python. Therefore, assuming t is a TTree instance, we can do:

for entry in t:
    x = entry.branch_name
    ...

At each iteration, a new entry of the tree will be read. In the code above, entry allows to access the branch values for the current entry. This can be done with the syntax entry.branch_name or, if the branch name is incompatible with Python naming rules, with e.g. "getattr(entry, '1_branch_name')".

Please note that iterating in Python can be slow, so only iterate over a tree as described above if performance is not an issue or when dealing with a small dataset. To read and process the entries of a tree in a much faster way, please use ROOT::RDataFrame.

Second, a couple of TTree methods have been modified to facilitate their use from Python: TTree::Branch and TTree::SetBranchAddress.

Regarding TTree::Branch, the following example shows how we can create different types of branches of a TTree. Note that Branch will just link the new branch with a given Python object, so it is still necessary to fill such object with the desired content before calling TTree::Fill.

from array import array
import numpy as np
import ROOT
from ROOT import addressof
 
# Basic type branch (float) - use array of length 1
n = array('f', [ 1.5 ])
t.Branch('floatb', n, 'floatb/F')
 
# Array branch - use array of length N
N = 10
a = array('d', N*[ 0. ])
t.Branch('arrayb', a, 'arrayb[' + str(N) + ']/D')
 
# Array branch - use NumPy array of length N
npa = np.array(N*[ 0. ])
t.Branch('nparrayb', npa, 'nparrayb[' + str(N) + ']/D')
 
# std::vector branch
v = ROOT.std.vector('double')(N*[ 0. ])
t.Branch('vectorb0', v)
 
# Class branch / struct in single branch
cb = ROOT.MyClass()
t.Branch('classb', cb)
 
# Struct as leaflist
# Assuming:
# struct MyStruct {
#   int myint;
#   float myfloat;
# };
ms = ROOT.MyStruct()
t.Branch('structll', ms, 'myint/I:myfloat/F')
 
# Store struct members individually
ms = ROOT.MyStruct()
# Use `addressof` to get the address of the struct members
t.Branch('myintb', addressof(ms, 'myint'), 'myint/I')
t.Branch('myfloatb', addressof(ms, 'myfloat'), 'myfloat/F')

Concerning TTree::SetBranchAddress, below is an example of prepare the reading of different types of branches of a TTree. Note that SetBranchAddress will just link a given branch with a certain Python object; after that, in order to read the content of such branch for a given TTree entry x, TTree::GetEntry(x) must be invoked.

from array import array
import numpy as np
import ROOT
 
# Basic type branch (float) - use array of length 1
n = array('f', [ 0. ])
t.SetBranchAddress('floatb', n)
 
# Array branch - use array of length N
N = 10
a = array('d', N*[ 0. ])
t.SetBranchAddress('arrayb', a)
 
# Array branch - use NumPy array of length N
npa = np.array(N*[ 0. ])
t.SetBranchAddress('nparrayb', a)
 
# std::vector branch
v = ROOT.std.vector('double')()
t.SetBranchAddress('vectorb', v)
 
# Class branch
cb = ROOT.MyClass()
t.SetBranchAddress('classb', cb)
 
# Struct branch (both single-branch and leaf list)
ms = ROOT.MyStruct()
ds.SetBranchAddress('structb', ms)

Definition at line 79 of file TTree.h.

Classes
class	TClusterIterator
	Helper class to iterate over cluster of baskets. More...
class	TFriendLock
	Helper class to prevent infinite recursion in the usage of TTree Friends. More...

Public Types
enum	{ kSplitCollectionOfPointers = 100 }
enum	ESetBranchAddressStatus {   kMissingBranch = -5 , kInternalError = -4 , kMissingCompiledCollectionProxy = -3 , kMismatch = -2 ,   kClassMismatch = -1 , kMatch = 0 , kMatchConversion = 1 , kMatchConversionCollection = 2 ,   kMakeClass = 3 , kVoidPtr = 4 , kNoCheck = 5 , kNeedEnableDecomposedObj = (1ULL << ( 29 )) ,   kNeedDisableDecomposedObj = (1ULL << ( 30 )) , kDecomposedObjMask = kNeedEnableDecomposedObj | kNeedDisableDecomposedObj }
enum	EStatusBits { kForceRead = (1ULL << ( 11 )) , kCircular = (1ULL << ( 12 )) , kOnlyFlushAtCluster = (1ULL << ( 14 )) , kEntriesReshuffled = (1ULL << ( 19 )) }
Public Types inherited from TObject
enum	{   kIsOnHeap = 0x01000000 , kNotDeleted = 0x02000000 , kZombie = 0x04000000 , kInconsistent = 0x08000000 ,   kBitMask = 0x00ffffff }
enum	{ kSingleKey = (1ULL << ( 0 )) , kOverwrite = (1ULL << ( 1 )) , kWriteDelete = (1ULL << ( 2 )) }
enum	EDeprecatedStatusBits { kObjInCanvas = (1ULL << ( 3 )) }
enum	EStatusBits {   kCanDelete = (1ULL << ( 0 )) , kMustCleanup = (1ULL << ( 3 )) , kIsReferenced = (1ULL << ( 4 )) , kHasUUID = (1ULL << ( 5 )) ,   kCannotPick = (1ULL << ( 6 )) , kNoContextMenu = (1ULL << ( 8 )) , kInvalidObject = (1ULL << ( 13 )) }

Public Member Functions
	TTree ()
	Default constructor and I/O constructor.
	TTree (const char *name, const char *title, Int_t splitlevel=99, TDirectory *dir=(::ROOT::Internal::TDirectoryAtomicAdapter{}))
	Normal tree constructor.
	TTree (const TTree &tt)=delete
	~TTree () override
	Destructor.
void	AddAllocationCount (UInt_t count)
virtual Int_t	AddBranchToCache (const char *bname, Bool_t subbranches=kFALSE)
	Add branch with name bname to the Tree cache.
virtual Int_t	AddBranchToCache (TBranch *branch, Bool_t subbranches=kFALSE)
	Add branch b to the Tree cache.
void	AddClone (TTree *)
	Add a cloned tree to our list of trees to be notified whenever we change our branch addresses or when we are deleted.
virtual TFriendElement *	AddFriend (const char *treename, const char *filename="")
	Add a TFriendElement to the list of friends.
virtual TFriendElement *	AddFriend (const char *treename, TFile *file)
	Add a TFriendElement to the list of friends.
virtual TFriendElement *	AddFriend (TTree *tree, const char *alias="", Bool_t warn=kFALSE)
	Add a TFriendElement to the list of friends.
virtual void	AddTotBytes (Int_t tot)
virtual void	AddZipBytes (Int_t zip)
virtual Long64_t	AutoSave (Option_t *option="")
	AutoSave tree header every fAutoSave bytes.
virtual Int_t	Branch (const char *folder, Int_t bufsize=32000, Int_t splitlevel=99)
	Create one branch for each element in the folder.
TBranch *	Branch (const char *name, char *address, const char *leaflist, Int_t bufsize=32000)
template<class T >
TBranch *	Branch (const char *name, const char *classname, T **addobj, Int_t bufsize=32000, Int_t splitlevel=99)
template<class T >
TBranch *	Branch (const char *name, const char *classname, T *obj, Int_t bufsize=32000, Int_t splitlevel=99)
virtual TBranch *	Branch (const char *name, const char *classname, void *addobj, Int_t bufsize=32000, Int_t splitlevel=99)
	Create a new branch with the object of class classname at address addobj.
TBranch *	Branch (const char *name, int address, const char *leaflist, Int_t bufsize=32000)
TBranch *	Branch (const char *name, Longptr_t address, const char *leaflist, Int_t bufsize=32000)
template<typename T , std::size_t N>
TBranch *	Branch (const char *name, std::array< T, N > *obj, Int_t bufsize=32000, Int_t splitlevel=99)
template<class T >
TBranch *	Branch (const char *name, T **addobj, Int_t bufsize=32000, Int_t splitlevel=99)
	Add a new branch, and infer the data type from the array addobj being passed.
template<class T >
TBranch *	Branch (const char *name, T *obj, Int_t bufsize=32000, Int_t splitlevel=99)
	Add a new branch, and infer the data type from the type of obj being passed.
virtual TBranch *	Branch (const char *name, void *address, const char *leaflist, Int_t bufsize=32000)
	Create a new TTree Branch.
virtual Int_t	Branch (TCollection *list, Int_t bufsize=32000, Int_t splitlevel=99, const char *name="")
	Create one branch for each element in the collection.
virtual Int_t	Branch (TList *list, Int_t bufsize=32000, Int_t splitlevel=99)
	Deprecated function. Use next function instead.
virtual TBranch *	BranchOld (const char *name, const char *classname, void *addobj, Int_t bufsize=32000, Int_t splitlevel=1)
	Create a new TTree BranchObject.
virtual TBranch *	BranchRef ()
	Build the optional branch supporting the TRefTable.
virtual TBranch *	Bronch (const char *name, const char *classname, void *addobj, Int_t bufsize=32000, Int_t splitlevel=99)
	Create a new TTree BranchElement.
void	Browse (TBrowser *) override
	Browse content of the TTree.
virtual Int_t	BuildIndex (const char *majorname, const char *minorname="0")
	Build a Tree Index (default is TTreeIndex).
TStreamerInfo *	BuildStreamerInfo (TClass *cl, void *pointer=nullptr, Bool_t canOptimize=kTRUE)
	Build StreamerInfo for class cl.
virtual TFile *	ChangeFile (TFile *file)
	Called by TTree::Fill() when file has reached its maximum fgMaxTreeSize.
virtual TTree *	CloneTree (Long64_t nentries=-1, Option_t *option="")
	Create a clone of this tree and copy nentries.
virtual void	CopyAddresses (TTree *, Bool_t undo=kFALSE)
	Set branch addresses of passed tree equal to ours.
virtual Long64_t	CopyEntries (TTree *tree, Long64_t nentries=-1, Option_t *option="", Bool_t needCopyAddresses=false)
	Copy nentries from given tree to this tree.
virtual TTree *	CopyTree (const char *selection, Option_t *option="", Long64_t nentries=kMaxEntries, Long64_t firstentry=0)
	Copy a tree with selection.
virtual TBasket *	CreateBasket (TBranch *)
	Create a basket for this tree and given branch.
Int_t	Debug () const
void	Delete (Option_t *option="") override
	Delete this tree from memory or/and disk.
virtual void	DirectoryAutoAdd (TDirectory *)
	Called by TKey and TObject::Clone to automatically add us to a directory when we are read from a file.
virtual Long64_t	Draw (const char *varexp, const char *selection, Option_t *option="", Long64_t nentries=kMaxEntries, Long64_t firstentry=0)
	Draw expression varexp for entries and objects that pass a (optional) selection.
virtual Long64_t	Draw (const char *varexp, const TCut &selection, Option_t *option="", Long64_t nentries=kMaxEntries, Long64_t firstentry=0)
	Draw expression varexp for specified entries.
void	Draw (Option_t *opt) override
	Default Draw method for all objects.
virtual void	DropBaskets ()
	Remove some baskets from memory.
virtual Int_t	DropBranchFromCache (const char *bname, Bool_t subbranches=kFALSE)
	Remove the branch with name 'bname' from the Tree cache.
virtual Int_t	DropBranchFromCache (TBranch *branch, Bool_t subbranches=kFALSE)
	Remove the branch b from the Tree cache.
virtual void	DropBuffers (Int_t nbytes)
	Drop branch buffers to accommodate nbytes below MaxVirtualsize.
Bool_t	EnableCache ()
	Enable the TTreeCache unless explicitly disabled for this TTree by a prior call to SetCacheSize(0).
virtual Int_t	Fill ()
	Fill all branches.
virtual TBranch *	FindBranch (const char *name)
	Return the branch that correspond to the path 'branchname', which can include the name of the tree or the omitted name of the parent branches.
virtual TLeaf *	FindLeaf (const char *name)
	Find leaf..
virtual Int_t	Fit (const char *funcname, const char *varexp, const char *selection="", Option_t *option="", Option_t *goption="", Long64_t nentries=kMaxEntries, Long64_t firstentry=0)
	Fit a projected item(s) from a tree.
virtual Int_t	FlushBaskets (Bool_t create_cluster=true) const
	Write to disk all the basket that have not yet been individually written and create an event cluster boundary (by default).
virtual const char *	GetAlias (const char *aliasName) const
	Returns the expanded value of the alias. Search in the friends if any.
UInt_t	GetAllocationCount () const
virtual Long64_t	GetAutoFlush () const
virtual Long64_t	GetAutoSave () const
virtual TBranch *	GetBranch (const char *name)
	Return pointer to the branch with the given name in this tree or its friends.
virtual TBranchRef *	GetBranchRef () const
virtual Bool_t	GetBranchStatus (const char *branchname) const
	Return status of branch with name branchname.
virtual Long64_t	GetCacheSize () const
virtual Long64_t	GetChainEntryNumber (Long64_t entry) const
virtual Long64_t	GetChainOffset () const
virtual TClusterIterator	GetClusterIterator (Long64_t firstentry)
	Return an iterator over the cluster of baskets starting at firstentry.
virtual Bool_t	GetClusterPrefetch () const
TFile *	GetCurrentFile () const
	Return pointer to the current file.
Long64_t	GetDebugMax () const
Long64_t	GetDebugMin () const
Int_t	GetDefaultEntryOffsetLen () const
TDirectory *	GetDirectory () const
virtual Long64_t	GetEntries () const
virtual Long64_t	GetEntries (const char *selection)
	Return the number of entries matching the selection.
virtual Long64_t	GetEntriesFast () const
virtual Long64_t	GetEntriesFriend () const
	Return pointer to the 1st Leaf named name in any Branch of this Tree or any branch in the list of friend trees.
virtual Int_t	GetEntry (Long64_t entry, Int_t getall=0)
	Read all branches of entry and return total number of bytes read.
virtual TEntryList *	GetEntryList ()
	Returns the entry list assigned to this tree.
virtual Long64_t	GetEntryNumber (Long64_t entry) const
	Return entry number corresponding to entry.
virtual Long64_t	GetEntryNumberWithBestIndex (Long64_t major, Long64_t minor=0) const
	Return entry number corresponding to major and minor number.
virtual Long64_t	GetEntryNumberWithIndex (Long64_t major, Long64_t minor=0) const
	Return entry number corresponding to major and minor number.
virtual Int_t	GetEntryWithIndex (Int_t major, Int_t minor=0)
	Read entry corresponding to major and minor number.
virtual Long64_t	GetEstimate () const
Int_t	GetEvent (Long64_t entry, Int_t getall=0)
TEventList *	GetEventList () const
virtual Int_t	GetFileNumber () const
virtual TTree *	GetFriend (const char *) const
	Return a pointer to the TTree friend whose name or alias is friendname.
virtual const char *	GetFriendAlias (TTree *) const
	If the 'tree' is a friend, this method returns its alias name.
TH1 *	GetHistogram ()
virtual Bool_t	GetImplicitMT ()
virtual Int_t *	GetIndex ()
virtual Double_t *	GetIndexValues ()
ROOT::TIOFeatures	GetIOFeatures () const
	Returns the current set of IO settings.
virtual TIterator *	GetIteratorOnAllLeaves (Bool_t dir=kIterForward)
	Creates a new iterator that will go through all the leaves on the tree itself and its friend.
virtual TLeaf *	GetLeaf (const char *branchname, const char *leafname)
	Return pointer to the 1st Leaf named name in any Branch of this Tree or any branch in the list of friend trees.
virtual TLeaf *	GetLeaf (const char *name)
	Return pointer to first leaf named "name" in any branch of this tree or its friend trees.
virtual TList *	GetListOfAliases () const
virtual TObjArray *	GetListOfBranches ()
virtual TList *	GetListOfClones ()
virtual TList *	GetListOfFriends () const
virtual TObjArray *	GetListOfLeaves ()
Int_t	GetMakeClass () const
virtual Long64_t	GetMaxEntryLoop () const
virtual Double_t	GetMaximum (const char *columname)
	Return maximum of column with name columname.
virtual Long64_t	GetMaxVirtualSize () const
virtual Double_t	GetMinimum (const char *columname)
	Return minimum of column with name columname.
virtual Int_t	GetNbranches ()
TObject *	GetNotify () const
virtual Int_t	GetPacketSize () const
virtual TVirtualPerfStats *	GetPerfStats () const
TVirtualTreePlayer *	GetPlayer ()
	Load the TTreePlayer (if not already done).
TTreeCache *	GetReadCache (TFile *file) const
	Find and return the TTreeCache registered with the file and which may contain branches for us.
TTreeCache *	GetReadCache (TFile *file, Bool_t create)
	Find and return the TTreeCache registered with the file and which may contain branches for us.
virtual Long64_t	GetReadEntry () const
virtual Long64_t	GetReadEvent () const
virtual Int_t	GetScanField () const
TTreeFormula *	GetSelect ()
virtual Long64_t	GetSelectedRows ()
Float_t	GetTargetMemoryRatio () const
virtual Int_t	GetTimerInterval () const
virtual Long64_t	GetTotBytes () const
TBuffer *	GetTransientBuffer (Int_t size)
	Returns the transient buffer currently used by this TTree for reading/writing baskets.
virtual TTree *	GetTree () const
virtual TVirtualIndex *	GetTreeIndex () const
virtual Int_t	GetTreeNumber () const
virtual Int_t	GetUpdate () const
virtual TList *	GetUserInfo ()
	Return a pointer to the list containing user objects associated to this tree.
virtual Double_t *	GetV1 ()
virtual Double_t *	GetV2 ()
virtual Double_t *	GetV3 ()
virtual Double_t *	GetV4 ()
virtual Double_t *	GetVal (Int_t i)
TTreeFormula *	GetVar (Int_t i)
TTreeFormula *	GetVar1 ()
TTreeFormula *	GetVar2 ()
TTreeFormula *	GetVar3 ()
TTreeFormula *	GetVar4 ()
virtual Double_t *	GetW ()
virtual Double_t	GetWeight () const
virtual Long64_t	GetZipBytes () const
virtual void	IncrementTotalBuffers (Int_t nbytes)
virtual Bool_t	InPlaceClone (TDirectory *newdirectory, const char *options="")
	Copy the content to a new new file, update this TTree with the new location information and attach this TTree to the new directory.
TClass *	IsA () const override
Bool_t	IsFolder () const override
	Returns kTRUE in case object contains browsable objects (like containers or lists of other objects).
virtual Int_t	LoadBaskets (Long64_t maxmemory=2000000000)
	Read in memory all baskets from all branches up to the limit of maxmemory bytes.
virtual Long64_t	LoadTree (Long64_t entry)
	Set current entry.
virtual Long64_t	LoadTreeFriend (Long64_t entry, TTree *T)
	Load entry on behalf of our master tree, we may use an index.
virtual Int_t	MakeClass (const char *classname=nullptr, Option_t *option="")
	Generate a skeleton analysis class for this tree.
virtual Int_t	MakeCode (const char *filename=nullptr)
	Generate a skeleton function for this tree.
virtual Int_t	MakeProxy (const char *classname, const char *macrofilename=nullptr, const char *cutfilename=nullptr, const char *option=nullptr, Int_t maxUnrolling=3)
	Generate a skeleton analysis class for this Tree using TBranchProxy.
virtual Int_t	MakeSelector (const char *selector=nullptr, Option_t *option="")
	Generate skeleton selector class for this tree.
Bool_t	MemoryFull (Int_t nbytes)
	Check if adding nbytes to memory we are still below MaxVirtualsize.
virtual Long64_t	Merge (TCollection *list, Option_t *option="")
	Merge the trees in the TList into this tree.
virtual Long64_t	Merge (TCollection *list, TFileMergeInfo *info)
	Merge the trees in the TList into this tree.
Bool_t	Notify () override
	Function called when loading a new class library.
TTree &	operator= (const TTree &tt)=delete
virtual void	OptimizeBaskets (ULong64_t maxMemory=10000000, Float_t minComp=1.1, Option_t *option="")
	This function may be called after having filled some entries in a Tree.
TPrincipal *	Principal (const char *varexp="", const char *selection="", Option_t *option="np", Long64_t nentries=kMaxEntries, Long64_t firstentry=0)
	Interface to the Principal Components Analysis class.
void	Print (Option_t *option="") const override
	Print a summary of the tree contents.
virtual void	PrintCacheStats (Option_t *option="") const
	Print statistics about the TreeCache for this tree.
virtual Long64_t	Process (const char *filename, Option_t *option="", Long64_t nentries=kMaxEntries, Long64_t firstentry=0)
	Process this tree executing the TSelector code in the specified filename.
virtual Long64_t	Process (TSelector *selector, Option_t *option="", Long64_t nentries=kMaxEntries, Long64_t firstentry=0)
	Process this tree executing the code in the specified selector.
virtual Long64_t	Project (const char *hname, const char *varexp, const char *selection="", Option_t *option="", Long64_t nentries=kMaxEntries, Long64_t firstentry=0)
	Make a projection of a tree using selections.
virtual TSQLResult *	Query (const char *varexp="", const char *selection="", Option_t *option="", Long64_t nentries=kMaxEntries, Long64_t firstentry=0)
	Loop over entries and return a TSQLResult object containing entries following selection.
virtual Long64_t	ReadFile (const char *filename, const char *branchDescriptor="", char delimiter=' ')
	Create or simply read branches from filename.
virtual Long64_t	ReadStream (std::istream &inputStream, const char *branchDescriptor="", char delimiter=' ')
	Create or simply read branches from an input stream.
void	RecursiveRemove (TObject *obj) override
	Make sure that obj (which is being deleted or will soon be) is no longer referenced by this TTree.
virtual void	Refresh ()
	Refresh contents of this tree and its branches from the current status on disk.
virtual void	RegisterExternalFriend (TFriendElement *)
	Record a TFriendElement that we need to warn when the chain switches to a new file (typically this is because this chain is a friend of another TChain)
virtual void	RemoveExternalFriend (TFriendElement *)
	Removes external friend.
virtual void	RemoveFriend (TTree *)
	Remove a friend from the list of friends.
virtual void	Reset (Option_t *option="")
	Reset baskets, buffers and entries count in all branches and leaves.
virtual void	ResetAfterMerge (TFileMergeInfo *)
	Resets the state of this TTree after a merge (keep the customization but forget the data).
virtual void	ResetBranchAddress (TBranch *)
	Tell all of our branches to set their addresses to zero.
virtual void	ResetBranchAddresses ()
	Tell all of our branches to drop their current objects and allocate new ones.
virtual Long64_t	Scan (const char *varexp="", const char *selection="", Option_t *option="", Long64_t nentries=kMaxEntries, Long64_t firstentry=0)
	Loop over tree entries and print entries passing selection.
virtual Bool_t	SetAlias (const char *aliasName, const char *aliasFormula)
	Set a tree variable alias.
virtual void	SetAutoFlush (Long64_t autof=-30000000)
	This function may be called at the start of a program to change the default value for fAutoFlush.
virtual void	SetAutoSave (Long64_t autos=-300000000)
	In case of a program crash, it will be possible to recover the data in the tree up to the last AutoSave point.
virtual void	SetBasketSize (const char *bname, Int_t buffsize=16000)
	Set a branch's basket size.
template<class T >
Int_t	SetBranchAddress (const char *bname, T **add, TBranch **ptr=nullptr)
template<class T >
Int_t	SetBranchAddress (const char *bname, T *add, TBranch **ptr=nullptr)
virtual Int_t	SetBranchAddress (const char *bname, void *add, TBranch **ptr, TClass *realClass, EDataType datatype, Bool_t isptr)
	Verify the validity of the type of addr before calling SetBranchAddress.
virtual Int_t	SetBranchAddress (const char *bname, void *add, TBranch **ptr=nullptr)
	Change branch address, dealing with clone trees properly.
virtual Int_t	SetBranchAddress (const char *bname, void *add, TClass *realClass, EDataType datatype, Bool_t isptr)
	Verify the validity of the type of addr before calling SetBranchAddress.
virtual void	SetBranchStatus (const char *bname, Bool_t status=1, UInt_t *found=nullptr)
	Set branch status to Process or DoNotProcess.
virtual Int_t	SetCacheEntryRange (Long64_t first, Long64_t last)
	interface to TTreeCache to set the cache entry range
virtual void	SetCacheLearnEntries (Int_t n=10)
	Interface to TTreeCache to set the number of entries for the learning phase.
virtual Int_t	SetCacheSize (Long64_t cachesize=-1)
	Set maximum size of the file cache .
virtual void	SetChainOffset (Long64_t offset=0)
virtual void	SetCircular (Long64_t maxEntries)
	Enable/Disable circularity for this tree.
virtual void	SetClusterPrefetch (Bool_t enabled)
virtual void	SetDebug (Int_t level=1, Long64_t min=0, Long64_t max=9999999)
	Set the debug level and the debug range.
virtual void	SetDefaultEntryOffsetLen (Int_t newdefault, Bool_t updateExisting=kFALSE)
	Update the default value for the branch's fEntryOffsetLen.
virtual void	SetDirectory (TDirectory *dir)
	Change the tree's directory.
virtual Long64_t	SetEntries (Long64_t n=-1)
	Change number of entries in the tree.
virtual void	SetEntryList (TEntryList *list, Option_t *opt="")
	Set an EntryList.
virtual void	SetEstimate (Long64_t nentries=1000000)
	Set number of entries to estimate variable limits.
virtual void	SetEventList (TEventList *list)
	This function transfroms the given TEventList into a TEntryList The new TEntryList is owned by the TTree and gets deleted when the tree is deleted.
virtual void	SetFileNumber (Int_t number=0)
	Set fFileNumber to number.
virtual void	SetImplicitMT (Bool_t enabled)
ROOT::TIOFeatures	SetIOFeatures (const ROOT::TIOFeatures &)
	Provide the end-user with the ability to enable/disable various experimental IO features for this TTree.
virtual void	SetMakeClass (Int_t make)
	Set all the branches in this TTree to be in decomposed object mode (also known as MakeClass mode).
virtual void	SetMaxEntryLoop (Long64_t maxev=kMaxEntries)
virtual void	SetMaxVirtualSize (Long64_t size=0)
void	SetName (const char *name) override
	Change the name of this tree.
virtual void	SetNotify (TObject *obj)
	Sets the address of the object to be notified when the tree is loaded.
virtual void	SetObject (const char *name, const char *title)
	Change the name and title of this tree.
virtual void	SetParallelUnzip (Bool_t opt=kTRUE, Float_t RelSize=-1)
	Enable or disable parallel unzipping of Tree buffers.
virtual void	SetPerfStats (TVirtualPerfStats *perf)
	Set perf stats.
virtual void	SetScanField (Int_t n=50)
void	SetTargetMemoryRatio (Float_t ratio)
virtual void	SetTimerInterval (Int_t msec=333)
virtual void	SetTreeIndex (TVirtualIndex *index)
	The current TreeIndex is replaced by the new index.
virtual void	SetUpdate (Int_t freq=0)
virtual void	SetWeight (Double_t w=1, Option_t *option="")
	Set tree weight.
virtual void	Show (Long64_t entry=-1, Int_t lenmax=20)
	Print values of all active leaves for entry.
virtual void	StartViewer ()
	Start the TTreeViewer on this tree.
virtual Int_t	StopCacheLearningPhase ()
	Stop the cache learning phase.
void	Streamer (TBuffer &) override
	Stream a class object.
void	StreamerNVirtual (TBuffer &ClassDef_StreamerNVirtual_b)
virtual Int_t	UnbinnedFit (const char *funcname, const char *varexp, const char *selection="", Option_t *option="", Long64_t nentries=kMaxEntries, Long64_t firstentry=0)
	Unbinned fit of one or more variable(s) from a tree.
void	UseCurrentStyle () override
	Replace current attributes by current style.
Int_t	Write (const char *name=nullptr, Int_t option=0, Int_t bufsize=0) const override
	Write this object to the current directory.
Int_t	Write (const char *name=nullptr, Int_t option=0, Int_t bufsize=0) override
	Write this object to the current directory.
Public Member Functions inherited from TNamed
	TNamed ()
	TNamed (const char *name, const char *title)
	TNamed (const TNamed &named)
	TNamed copy ctor.
	TNamed (const TString &name, const TString &title)
virtual	~TNamed ()
	TNamed destructor.
void	Clear (Option_t *option="") override
	Set name and title to empty strings ("").
TObject *	Clone (const char *newname="") const override
	Make a clone of an object using the Streamer facility.
Int_t	Compare (const TObject *obj) const override
	Compare two TNamed objects.
void	Copy (TObject &named) const override
	Copy this to obj.
virtual void	FillBuffer (char *&buffer)
	Encode TNamed into output buffer.
const char *	GetName () const override
	Returns name of object.
const char *	GetTitle () const override
	Returns title of object.
ULong_t	Hash () const override
	Return hash value for this object.
Bool_t	IsSortable () const override
void	ls (Option_t *option="") const override
	List TNamed name and title.
TNamed &	operator= (const TNamed &rhs)
	TNamed assignment operator.
virtual void	SetNameTitle (const char *name, const char *title)
	Set all the TNamed parameters (name and title).
virtual void	SetTitle (const char *title="")
	Set the title of the TNamed.
virtual Int_t	Sizeof () const
	Return size of the TNamed part of the TObject.
void	StreamerNVirtual (TBuffer &ClassDef_StreamerNVirtual_b)
Public Member Functions inherited from TObject
	TObject ()
	TObject constructor.
	TObject (const TObject &object)
	TObject copy ctor.
virtual	~TObject ()
	TObject destructor.
void	AbstractMethod (const char *method) const
	Use this method to implement an "abstract" method that you don't want to leave purely abstract.
virtual void	AppendPad (Option_t *option="")
	Append graphics object to current pad.
ULong_t	CheckedHash ()
	Check and record whether this class has a consistent Hash/RecursiveRemove setup (*) and then return the regular Hash value for this object.
virtual const char *	ClassName () const
	Returns name of class to which the object belongs.
virtual Int_t	DistancetoPrimitive (Int_t px, Int_t py)
	Computes distance from point (px,py) to the object.
virtual void	DrawClass () const
	Draw class inheritance tree of the class to which this object belongs.
virtual TObject *	DrawClone (Option_t *option="") const
	Draw a clone of this object in the current selected pad with: gROOT->SetSelectedPad(c1).
virtual void	Dump () const
	Dump contents of object on stdout.
virtual void	Error (const char *method, const char *msgfmt,...) const
	Issue error message.
virtual void	Execute (const char *method, const char *params, Int_t *error=nullptr)
	Execute method on this object with the given parameter string, e.g.
virtual void	Execute (TMethod *method, TObjArray *params, Int_t *error=nullptr)
	Execute method on this object with parameters stored in the TObjArray.
virtual void	ExecuteEvent (Int_t event, Int_t px, Int_t py)
	Execute action corresponding to an event at (px,py).
virtual void	Fatal (const char *method, const char *msgfmt,...) const
	Issue fatal error message.
virtual TObject *	FindObject (const char *name) const
	Must be redefined in derived classes.
virtual TObject *	FindObject (const TObject *obj) const
	Must be redefined in derived classes.
virtual Option_t *	GetDrawOption () const
	Get option used by the graphics system to draw this object.
virtual const char *	GetIconName () const
	Returns mime type name of object.
virtual char *	GetObjectInfo (Int_t px, Int_t py) const
	Returns string containing info about the object at position (px,py).
virtual Option_t *	GetOption () const
virtual UInt_t	GetUniqueID () const
	Return the unique object id.
virtual Bool_t	HandleTimer (TTimer *timer)
	Execute action in response of a timer timing out.
Bool_t	HasInconsistentHash () const
	Return true is the type of this object is known to have an inconsistent setup for Hash and RecursiveRemove (i.e.
virtual void	Info (const char *method, const char *msgfmt,...) const
	Issue info message.
virtual Bool_t	InheritsFrom (const char *classname) const
	Returns kTRUE if object inherits from class "classname".
virtual Bool_t	InheritsFrom (const TClass *cl) const
	Returns kTRUE if object inherits from TClass cl.
virtual void	Inspect () const
	Dump contents of this object in a graphics canvas.
void	InvertBit (UInt_t f)
Bool_t	IsDestructed () const
	IsDestructed.
virtual Bool_t	IsEqual (const TObject *obj) const
	Default equal comparison (objects are equal if they have the same address in memory).
R__ALWAYS_INLINE Bool_t	IsOnHeap () const
R__ALWAYS_INLINE Bool_t	IsZombie () const
void	MayNotUse (const char *method) const
	Use this method to signal that a method (defined in a base class) may not be called in a derived class (in principle against good design since a child class should not provide less functionality than its parent, however, sometimes it is necessary).
void	Obsolete (const char *method, const char *asOfVers, const char *removedFromVers) const
	Use this method to declare a method obsolete.
void	operator delete (void *ptr)
	Operator delete.
void	operator delete (void *ptr, void *vp)
	Only called by placement new when throwing an exception.
void	operator delete[] (void *ptr)
	Operator delete [].
void	operator delete[] (void *ptr, void *vp)
	Only called by placement new[] when throwing an exception.
void *	operator new (size_t sz)
void *	operator new (size_t sz, void *vp)
void *	operator new[] (size_t sz)
void *	operator new[] (size_t sz, void *vp)
TObject &	operator= (const TObject &rhs)
	TObject assignment operator.
virtual void	Paint (Option_t *option="")
	This method must be overridden if a class wants to paint itself.
virtual void	Pop ()
	Pop on object drawn in a pad to the top of the display list.
virtual Int_t	Read (const char *name)
	Read contents of object with specified name from the current directory.
void	ResetBit (UInt_t f)
virtual void	SaveAs (const char *filename="", Option_t *option="") const
	Save this object in the file specified by filename.
virtual void	SavePrimitive (std::ostream &out, Option_t *option="")
	Save a primitive as a C++ statement(s) on output stream "out".
void	SetBit (UInt_t f)
void	SetBit (UInt_t f, Bool_t set)
	Set or unset the user status bits as specified in f.
virtual void	SetDrawOption (Option_t *option="")
	Set drawing option for object.
virtual void	SetUniqueID (UInt_t uid)
	Set the unique object id.
void	StreamerNVirtual (TBuffer &ClassDef_StreamerNVirtual_b)
virtual void	SysError (const char *method, const char *msgfmt,...) const
	Issue system error message.
R__ALWAYS_INLINE Bool_t	TestBit (UInt_t f) const
Int_t	TestBits (UInt_t f) const
virtual void	Warning (const char *method, const char *msgfmt,...) const
	Issue warning message.
Public Member Functions inherited from TAttLine
	TAttLine ()
	AttLine default constructor.
	TAttLine (Color_t lcolor, Style_t lstyle, Width_t lwidth)
	AttLine normal constructor.
virtual	~TAttLine ()
	AttLine destructor.
void	Copy (TAttLine &attline) const
	Copy this line attributes to a new TAttLine.
Int_t	DistancetoLine (Int_t px, Int_t py, Double_t xp1, Double_t yp1, Double_t xp2, Double_t yp2)
	Compute distance from point px,py to a line.
virtual Color_t	GetLineColor () const
	Return the line color.
virtual Style_t	GetLineStyle () const
	Return the line style.
virtual Width_t	GetLineWidth () const
	Return the line width.
virtual void	Modify ()
	Change current line attributes if necessary.
virtual void	ResetAttLine (Option_t *option="")
	Reset this line attributes to default values.
virtual void	SaveLineAttributes (std::ostream &out, const char *name, Int_t coldef=1, Int_t stydef=1, Int_t widdef=1)
	Save line attributes as C++ statement(s) on output stream out.
virtual void	SetLineAttributes ()
	Invoke the DialogCanvas Line attributes.
virtual void	SetLineColor (Color_t lcolor)
	Set the line color.
virtual void	SetLineColorAlpha (Color_t lcolor, Float_t lalpha)
	Set a transparent line color.
virtual void	SetLineStyle (Style_t lstyle)
	Set the line style.
virtual void	SetLineWidth (Width_t lwidth)
	Set the line width.
void	StreamerNVirtual (TBuffer &ClassDef_StreamerNVirtual_b)
Public Member Functions inherited from TAttFill
	TAttFill ()
	AttFill default constructor.
	TAttFill (Color_t fcolor, Style_t fstyle)
	AttFill normal constructor.
virtual	~TAttFill ()
	AttFill destructor.
void	Copy (TAttFill &attfill) const
	Copy this fill attributes to a new TAttFill.
virtual Color_t	GetFillColor () const
	Return the fill area color.
virtual Style_t	GetFillStyle () const
	Return the fill area style.
virtual Bool_t	IsTransparent () const
virtual void	Modify ()
	Change current fill area attributes if necessary.
virtual void	ResetAttFill (Option_t *option="")
	Reset this fill attributes to default values.
virtual void	SaveFillAttributes (std::ostream &out, const char *name, Int_t coldef=1, Int_t stydef=1001)
	Save fill attributes as C++ statement(s) on output stream out.
virtual void	SetFillAttributes ()
	Invoke the DialogCanvas Fill attributes.
virtual void	SetFillColor (Color_t fcolor)
	Set the fill area color.
virtual void	SetFillColorAlpha (Color_t fcolor, Float_t falpha)
	Set a transparent fill color.
virtual void	SetFillStyle (Style_t fstyle)
	Set the fill area style.
void	StreamerNVirtual (TBuffer &ClassDef_StreamerNVirtual_b)
Public Member Functions inherited from TAttMarker
	TAttMarker ()
	TAttMarker default constructor.
	TAttMarker (Color_t color, Style_t style, Size_t msize)
	TAttMarker normal constructor.
virtual	~TAttMarker ()
	TAttMarker destructor.
void	Copy (TAttMarker &attmarker) const
	Copy this marker attributes to a new TAttMarker.
virtual Color_t	GetMarkerColor () const
	Return the marker color.
virtual Size_t	GetMarkerSize () const
	Return the marker size.
virtual Style_t	GetMarkerStyle () const
	Return the marker style.
virtual void	Modify ()
	Change current marker attributes if necessary.
virtual void	ResetAttMarker (Option_t *toption="")
	Reset this marker attributes to the default values.
virtual void	SaveMarkerAttributes (std::ostream &out, const char *name, Int_t coldef=1, Int_t stydef=1, Int_t sizdef=1)
	Save line attributes as C++ statement(s) on output stream out.
virtual void	SetMarkerAttributes ()
	Invoke the DialogCanvas Marker attributes.
virtual void	SetMarkerColor (Color_t mcolor=1)
	Set the marker color.
virtual void	SetMarkerColorAlpha (Color_t mcolor, Float_t malpha)
	Set a transparent marker color.
virtual void	SetMarkerSize (Size_t msize=1)
	Set the marker size.
virtual void	SetMarkerStyle (Style_t mstyle=1)
	Set the marker style.
void	StreamerNVirtual (TBuffer &ClassDef_StreamerNVirtual_b)

Static Public Member Functions
static TClass *	Class ()
static const char *	Class_Name ()
static constexpr Version_t	Class_Version ()
static const char *	DeclFileName ()
static Int_t	GetBranchStyle ()
	Static function returning the current branch style.
static Long64_t	GetMaxTreeSize ()
	Static function which returns the tree file size limit in bytes.
static TTree *	MergeTrees (TList *list, Option_t *option="")
	Static function merging the trees in the TList into a new tree.
static void	SetBranchStyle (Int_t style=1)
	Set the current branch style.
static void	SetMaxTreeSize (Long64_t maxsize=100000000000LL)
	Set the maximum size in bytes of a Tree file (static function).
Static Public Member Functions inherited from TNamed
static TClass *	Class ()
static const char *	Class_Name ()
static constexpr Version_t	Class_Version ()
static const char *	DeclFileName ()
Static Public Member Functions inherited from TObject
static TClass *	Class ()
static const char *	Class_Name ()
static constexpr Version_t	Class_Version ()
static const char *	DeclFileName ()
static Longptr_t	GetDtorOnly ()
	Return destructor only flag.
static Bool_t	GetObjectStat ()
	Get status of object stat flag.
static void	SetDtorOnly (void *obj)
	Set destructor only flag.
static void	SetObjectStat (Bool_t stat)
	Turn on/off tracking of objects in the TObjectTable.
Static Public Member Functions inherited from TAttLine
static TClass *	Class ()
static const char *	Class_Name ()
static constexpr Version_t	Class_Version ()
static const char *	DeclFileName ()
Static Public Member Functions inherited from TAttFill
static TClass *	Class ()
static const char *	Class_Name ()
static constexpr Version_t	Class_Version ()
static const char *	DeclFileName ()
Static Public Member Functions inherited from TAttMarker
static TClass *	Class ()
static const char *	Class_Name ()
static constexpr Version_t	Class_Version ()
static const char *	DeclFileName ()
static Width_t	GetMarkerLineWidth (Style_t style)
	Internal helper function that returns the line width of the given marker style (0 = filled marker)
static Style_t	GetMarkerStyleBase (Style_t style)
	Internal helper function that returns the corresponding marker style with line width 1 for the given style.

Static Public Attributes
static constexpr Long64_t	kMaxEntries = TVirtualTreePlayer::kMaxEntries

Protected Types
enum	ELockStatusBits {   kFindBranch = (1ULL << ( 0 )) , kFindLeaf = (1ULL << ( 1 )) , kGetAlias = (1ULL << ( 2 )) , kGetBranch = (1ULL << ( 3 )) ,   kGetEntry = (1ULL << ( 4 )) , kGetEntryWithIndex = (1ULL << ( 5 )) , kGetFriend = (1ULL << ( 6 )) , kGetFriendAlias = (1ULL << ( 7 )) ,   kGetLeaf = (1ULL << ( 8 )) , kLoadTree = (1ULL << ( 9 )) , kPrint = (1ULL << ( 10 )) , kRemoveFriend = (1ULL << ( 11 )) ,   kSetBranchStatus = (1ULL << ( 12 )) }
Protected Types inherited from TObject
enum	{ kOnlyPrepStep = (1ULL << ( 3 )) }

Protected Member Functions
virtual TBranch *	BranchImp (const char *branchname, const char *classname, TClass *ptrClass, void *addobj, Int_t bufsize, Int_t splitlevel)
	Same as TTree::Branch() with added check that addobj matches className.
virtual TBranch *	BranchImp (const char *branchname, TClass *ptrClass, void *addobj, Int_t bufsize, Int_t splitlevel)
	Same as TTree::Branch but automatic detection of the class name.
virtual TBranch *	BranchImpArr (const char *branchname, EDataType datatype, std::size_t N, void *addobj, Int_t bufsize, Int_t splitlevel)
virtual TBranch *	BranchImpRef (const char *branchname, const char *classname, TClass *ptrClass, void *addobj, Int_t bufsize, Int_t splitlevel)
	Same as TTree::Branch but automatic detection of the class name.
virtual TBranch *	BranchImpRef (const char *branchname, TClass *ptrClass, EDataType datatype, void *addobj, Int_t bufsize, Int_t splitlevel)
	Same as TTree::Branch but automatic detection of the class name.
virtual TBranch *	BronchExec (const char *name, const char *classname, void *addobj, Bool_t isptrptr, Int_t bufsize, Int_t splitlevel)
	Helper function implementing TTree::Bronch and TTree::Branch(const char *name, T &obj);.
virtual Int_t	CheckBranchAddressType (TBranch *branch, TClass *ptrClass, EDataType datatype, Bool_t ptr)
	Check whether or not the address described by the last 3 parameters matches the content of the branch.
Long64_t	GetCacheAutoSize (Bool_t withDefault=kFALSE)
	Used for automatic sizing of the cache.
virtual TLeaf *	GetLeafImpl (const char *branchname, const char *leafname)
	Return pointer to the 1st Leaf named name in any Branch of this Tree or any branch in the list of friend trees.
char	GetNewlineValue (std::istream &inputStream)
	Determine which newline this file is using.
void	ImportClusterRanges (TTree *fromtree)
	Appends the cluster range information stored in 'fromtree' to this tree, including the value of fAutoFlush.
virtual void	KeepCircular ()
	Keep a maximum of fMaxEntries in memory.
void	MoveReadCache (TFile *src, TDirectory *dir)
	Move a cache from a file to the current file in dir.
Int_t	SetBranchAddressImp (TBranch *branch, void *addr, TBranch **ptr)
	Change branch address, dealing with clone trees properly.
Int_t	SetCacheSizeAux (Bool_t autocache=kTRUE, Long64_t cacheSize=0)
	Set the size of the file cache and create it if possible.
Protected Member Functions inherited from TObject
virtual void	DoError (int level, const char *location, const char *fmt, va_list va) const
	Interface to ErrorHandler (protected).
void	MakeZombie ()

Protected Attributes
TList *	fAliases
	List of aliases for expressions based on the tree branches.
std::atomic< UInt_t >	fAllocationCount {0}
	indicates basket should be resized to exact memory usage, but causes significant
Long64_t	fAutoFlush
	Auto-flush tree when fAutoFlush entries written or -fAutoFlush (compressed) bytes produced.
Long64_t	fAutoSave
	Autosave tree when fAutoSave entries written or -fAutoSave (compressed) bytes produced.
TObjArray	fBranches
	List of Branches.
TBranchRef *	fBranchRef
	Branch supporting the TRefTable (if any)
Bool_t	fCacheDoAutoInit
	! true if cache auto creation or resize check is needed
Bool_t	fCacheDoClusterPrefetch
	! true if cache is prefetching whole clusters
Long64_t	fCacheSize
	! Maximum size of file buffers
Bool_t	fCacheUserSet
	! true if the cache setting was explicitly given by user
Long64_t	fChainOffset
	! Offset of 1st entry of this Tree in a TChain
TList *	fClones
	! List of cloned trees which share our addresses
Long64_t *	fClusterRangeEnd
	[fNClusterRange] Last entry of a cluster range.
Long64_t *	fClusterSize
	[fNClusterRange] Number of entries in each cluster for a given range.
Int_t	fDebug
	! Debug level
Long64_t	fDebugMax
	! Last entry number to debug
Long64_t	fDebugMin
	! First entry number to debug
Int_t	fDefaultEntryOffsetLen
	Initial Length of fEntryOffset table in the basket buffers.
TDirectory *	fDirectory
	! Pointer to directory holding this tree
Long64_t	fEntries
	Number of entries.
TEntryList *	fEntryList
	! Pointer to event selection list (if one)
Long64_t	fEstimate
	Number of entries to estimate histogram limits.
TEventList *	fEventList
	! Pointer to event selection list (if one)
TList *	fExternalFriends
	! List of TFriendsElement pointing to us and need to be notified of LoadTree. Content not owned.
Int_t	fFileNumber
	! current file number (if file extensions)
Long64_t	fFlushedBytes
	Number of auto-flushed bytes.
UInt_t	fFriendLockStatus
	! Record which method is locking the friend recursion
TList *	fFriends
	pointer to list of friend elements
Bool_t	fIMTEnabled
	! true if implicit multi-threading is enabled for this tree
TArrayI	fIndex
	Index of sorted values.
TArrayD	fIndexValues
	Sorted index values.
TIOFeatures	fIOFeatures {0}
	IO features to define for newly-written baskets and branches.
TObjArray	fLeaves
	Direct pointers to individual branch leaves.
Int_t	fMakeClass
	! not zero when processing code generated by MakeClass
Int_t	fMaxClusterRange
	! Memory allocated for the cluster range.
Long64_t	fMaxEntries
	Maximum number of entries in case of circular buffers.
Long64_t	fMaxEntryLoop
	Maximum number of entries to process.
Long64_t	fMaxVirtualSize
	Maximum total size of buffers kept in memory.
Int_t	fNClusterRange
	Number of Cluster range in addition to the one defined by 'AutoFlush'.
UInt_t	fNEntriesSinceSorting
	! Number of entries processed since the last re-sorting of branches
Int_t	fNfill
	! Local for EntryLoop
TObject *	fNotify
	Object to be notified when loading a Tree.
Int_t	fPacketSize
	! Number of entries in one packet for parallel root
TVirtualPerfStats *	fPerfStats
	! pointer to the current perf stats object
TVirtualTreePlayer *	fPlayer
	! Pointer to current Tree player
Long64_t	fReadEntry
	! Number of the entry being processed
Long64_t	fSavedBytes
	Number of autosaved bytes.
Int_t	fScanField
	Number of runs before prompting in Scan.
std::vector< TBranch * >	fSeqBranches
	! Branches to be processed sequentially when IMT is on
std::vector< std::pair< Long64_t, TBranch * > >	fSortedBranches
	! Branches to be processed in parallel when IMT is on, sorted by average task time
Float_t	fTargetMemoryRatio {1.1f}
	! Ratio for memory usage in uncompressed buffers versus actual occupancy.
Int_t	fTimerInterval
	Timer interval in milliseconds.
std::atomic< Long64_t >	fTotalBuffers
	! Total number of bytes in branch buffers
Long64_t	fTotBytes
	Total number of bytes in all branches before compression.
TBuffer *	fTransientBuffer
	! Pointer to the current transient buffer.
TVirtualIndex *	fTreeIndex
	Pointer to the tree Index (if any)
Int_t	fUpdate
	Update frequency for EntryLoop.
TList *	fUserInfo
	pointer to a list of user objects associated to this Tree
Double_t	fWeight
	Tree weight (see TTree::SetWeight)
Long64_t	fZipBytes
	Total number of bytes in all branches after compression.
Protected Attributes inherited from TNamed
TString	fName
TString	fTitle
Protected Attributes inherited from TAttLine
Color_t	fLineColor
	Line color.
Style_t	fLineStyle
	Line style.
Width_t	fLineWidth
	Line width.
Protected Attributes inherited from TAttFill
Color_t	fFillColor
	Fill area color.
Style_t	fFillStyle
	Fill area style.
Protected Attributes inherited from TAttMarker
Color_t	fMarkerColor
	Marker color.
Size_t	fMarkerSize
	Marker size.
Style_t	fMarkerStyle
	Marker style.

Static Protected Attributes
static Int_t	fgBranchStyle = 1
	Old/New branch style.
static Long64_t	fgMaxTreeSize = 100000000000LL
	Maximum size of a file containing a Tree.

Private Types
using	TIOFeatures = ROOT::TIOFeatures

Private Member Functions
Int_t	FlushBasketsImpl () const
	Internal implementation of the FlushBaskets algorithm.
Long64_t	GetMedianClusterSize ()
	Estimate the median cluster size for the TTree.
void	InitializeBranchLists (bool checkLeafCount)
	Divides the top-level branches into two vectors: (i) branches to be processed sequentially and (ii) branches to be processed in parallel.
void	MarkEventCluster ()
	Mark the previous event as being at the end of the event cluster.
void	SortBranchesByTime ()
	Sorts top-level branches by the last average task time recorded per branch.

Private Attributes
Bool_t	fIMTFlush {false}
	! True if we are doing a multithreaded flush.
std::atomic< Long64_t >	fIMTTotBytes
	! Total bytes for the IMT flush baskets
std::atomic< Long64_t >	fIMTZipBytes
	! Zip bytes for the IMT flush baskets.

Friends
class	TChainIndex
class	TFriendLock
TBranch *	TTreeBranchImpRef (TTree *tree, const char *branchname, TClass *ptrClass, EDataType datatype, void *addobj, Int_t bufsize, Int_t splitlevel)
class	TTreeCloner
class	TTreeIndex

#include <TTree.h>

Inheritance diagram for TTree:

Member Typedef Documentation

TIOFeatures

using TTree::TIOFeatures = ROOT::TIOFeatures

private

Definition at line 81 of file TTree.h.

Member Enumeration Documentation

anonymous enum

anonymous enum

Enumerator
kSplitCollectionOfPointers

Definition at line 265 of file TTree.h.

ELockStatusBits

enum TTree::ELockStatusBits

protected

Enumerator
kFindBranch
kFindLeaf
kGetAlias
kGetBranch
kGetEntry
kGetEntryWithIndex
kGetFriend
kGetFriendAlias
kGetLeaf
kLoadTree
kPrint
kRemoveFriend
kSetBranchStatus

Definition at line 211 of file TTree.h.

ESetBranchAddressStatus

enum TTree::ESetBranchAddressStatus

Enumerator
kMissingBranch
kInternalError
kMissingCompiledCollectionProxy
kMismatch
kClassMismatch
kMatch
kMatchConversion
kMatchConversionCollection
kMakeClass
kVoidPtr
kNoCheck
kNeedEnableDecomposedObj
kNeedDisableDecomposedObj
kDecomposedObjMask

Definition at line 232 of file TTree.h.

EStatusBits

enum TTree::EStatusBits

Enumerator
kForceRead
kCircular
kOnlyFlushAtCluster	If set, the branch's buffers will grow until an event cluster boundary is hit, guaranteeing a basket per cluster. This mode does not provide any guarantee on the memory bounds in the case of extremely large events.
kEntriesReshuffled	If set, signals that this TTree is the output of the processing of another TTree, and the entries are reshuffled w.r.t. to the original TTree. As a safety measure, a TTree with this bit set cannot add friends nor can be added as a friend. If you know what you are doing, you can manually unset this bit with ResetBit(EStatusBits::kEntriesReshuffled).

Definition at line 250 of file TTree.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

TTree() [1/3]

TTree::TTree

(

)

Default constructor and I/O constructor.

Note: We do not insert ourself into the current directory.

Definition at line 737 of file TTree.cxx.

TTree() [2/3]

TTree::TTree	(	const char *	name,
		const char *	title,
		Int_t	splitlevel = 99,
		TDirectory *	dir = (::ROOT::Internal::TDirectoryAtomicAdapter{})
	)

Normal tree constructor.

The tree is created in the current directory. Use the various functions Branch below to add branches to this tree.

If the first character of title is a "/", the function assumes a folder name. In this case, it creates automatically branches following the folder hierarchy. splitlevel may be used in this case to control the split level.

Definition at line 817 of file TTree.cxx.

~TTree()

TTree::~TTree ( )

override

Destructor.

Definition at line 920 of file TTree.cxx.

TTree() [3/3]

TTree::TTree ( const TTree &  tt )

delete

Member Function Documentation

AddAllocationCount()

void TTree::AddAllocationCount ( UInt_t  count )

inline

Definition at line 337 of file TTree.h.

AddBranchToCache() [1/2]

Int_t TTree::AddBranchToCache ( const char *  bname, Bool_t  subbranches = kFALSE  )

virtual

Add branch with name bname to the Tree cache.

If bname="*" all branches are added to the cache. if subbranches is true all the branches of the subbranches are also put to the cache.

Returns:

• 0 branch added or already included
• -1 on error

Definition at line 1059 of file TTree.cxx.

AddBranchToCache() [2/2]

Int_t TTree::AddBranchToCache ( TBranch *  b, Bool_t  subbranches = kFALSE  )

virtual

Add branch b to the Tree cache.

if subbranches is true all the branches of the subbranches are also put to the cache.

Returns:

• 0 branch added or already included
• -1 on error

Definition at line 1098 of file TTree.cxx.

AddClone()

void TTree::AddClone

(

TTree *

clone

)

Add a cloned tree to our list of trees to be notified whenever we change our branch addresses or when we are deleted.

Definition at line 1219 of file TTree.cxx.

AddFriend() [1/3]

TFriendElement * TTree::AddFriend ( const char *  treename, const char *  filename = ""  )

virtual

Add a TFriendElement to the list of friends.

This function:

• opens a file if filename is specified
• reads a Tree with name treename from the file (current directory)
• adds the Tree to the list of friends see other AddFriend functions

A TFriendElement TF describes a TTree object TF in a file. When a TFriendElement TF is added to the list of friends of an existing TTree T, any variable from TF can be referenced in a query to T.

A tree keeps a list of friends. In the context of a tree (or a chain), friendship means unrestricted access to the friends data. In this way it is much like adding another branch to the tree without taking the risk of damaging it. To add a friend to the list, you can use the TTree::AddFriend method. The tree in the diagram below has two friends (friend_tree1 and friend_tree2) and now has access to the variables a,b,c,i,j,k,l and m.

The AddFriend method has two parameters, the first is the tree name and the second is the name of the ROOT file where the friend tree is saved. AddFriend automatically opens the friend file. If no file name is given, the tree called ft1 is assumed to be in the same file as the original tree.

tree.AddFriend("ft1","friendfile1.root"); If the friend tree has the same name as the original tree, you can give it an alias in the context of the friendship:

tree.AddFriend("tree1 = tree","friendfile1.root"); Once the tree has friends, we can use TTree::Draw as if the friend's variables were in the original tree. To specify which tree to use in the Draw method, use the syntax:

<treeName>.<branchname>.<varname>

If the variablename is enough to uniquely identify the variable, you can leave out the tree and/or branch name. For example, these commands generate a 3-d scatter plot of variable "var" in the TTree tree versus variable v1 in TTree ft1 versus variable v2 in TTree ft2.

tree.AddFriend("ft1","friendfile1.root");
tree.AddFriend("ft2","friendfile2.root");
tree.Draw("var:ft1.v1:ft2.v2");

The picture illustrates the access of the tree and its friends with a Draw command. When AddFriend is called, the ROOT file is automatically opened and the friend tree (ft1) is read into memory. The new friend (ft1) is added to the list of friends of tree. The number of entries in the friend must be equal or greater to the number of entries of the original tree. If the friend tree has fewer entries a warning is given and the missing entries are not included in the histogram. To retrieve the list of friends from a tree use TTree::GetListOfFriends. When the tree is written to file (TTree::Write), the friends list is saved with it. And when the tree is retrieved, the trees on the friends list are also retrieved and the friendship restored. When a tree is deleted, the elements of the friend list are also deleted. It is possible to declare a friend tree that has the same internal structure (same branches and leaves) as the original tree, and compare the same values by specifying the tree.

tree.Draw("var:ft1.var:ft2.var")

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 1332 of file TTree.cxx.

AddFriend() [2/3]

TFriendElement * TTree::AddFriend ( const char *  treename, TFile *  file  )

virtual

Add a TFriendElement to the list of friends.

The TFile is managed by the user (e.g. the user must delete the file). For complete description see AddFriend(const char *, const char *). This function:

• reads a Tree with name treename from the file
• adds the Tree to the list of friends

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 1366 of file TTree.cxx.

AddFriend() [3/3]

TFriendElement * TTree::AddFriend ( TTree *  tree, const char *  alias = "", Bool_t  warn = kFALSE  )

virtual

Add a TFriendElement to the list of friends.

The TTree is managed by the user (e.g., the user must delete the file). For a complete description see AddFriend(const char *, const char *).

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 1397 of file TTree.cxx.

AddTotBytes()

virtual void TTree::AddTotBytes ( Int_t  tot )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 331 of file TTree.h.

AddZipBytes()

virtual void TTree::AddZipBytes ( Int_t  zip )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 332 of file TTree.h.

AutoSave()

Long64_t TTree::AutoSave ( Option_t *  option = "" )

virtual

AutoSave tree header every fAutoSave bytes.

When large Trees are produced, it is safe to activate the AutoSave procedure. Some branches may have buffers holding many entries. If fAutoSave is negative, AutoSave is automatically called by TTree::Fill when the number of bytes generated since the previous AutoSave is greater than -fAutoSave bytes. If fAutoSave is positive, AutoSave is automatically called by TTree::Fill every N entries. This function may also be invoked by the user. Each AutoSave generates a new key on the file. Once the key with the tree header has been written, the previous cycle (if any) is deleted.

Note that calling TTree::AutoSave too frequently (or similarly calling TTree::SetAutoSave with a small value) is an expensive operation. You should make tests for your own application to find a compromise between speed and the quantity of information you may loose in case of a job crash.

In case your program crashes before closing the file holding this tree, the file will be automatically recovered when you will connect the file in UPDATE mode. The Tree will be recovered at the status corresponding to the last AutoSave.

if option contains "SaveSelf", gDirectory->SaveSelf() is called. This allows another process to analyze the Tree while the Tree is being filled.

if option contains "FlushBaskets", TTree::FlushBaskets is called and all the current basket are closed-out and written to disk individually.

By default the previous header is deleted after having written the new header. if option contains "Overwrite", the previous Tree header is deleted before written the new header. This option is slightly faster, but the default option is safer in case of a problem (disk quota exceeded) when writing the new header.

The function returns the number of bytes written to the file. if the number of bytes is null, an error has occurred while writing the header to the file.

How to write a Tree in one process and view it from another process

The following two scripts illustrate how to do this. The script treew.C is executed by process1, treer.C by process2

script treew.C:

void treew() {
   TFile f("test.root","recreate");
   TNtuple *ntuple = new TNtuple("ntuple","Demo","px:py:pz:random:i");
   Float_t px, py, pz;
   for ( Int_t i=0; i<10000000; i++) {
      gRandom->Rannor(px,py);
      pz = px*px + py*py;
      Float_t random = gRandom->Rndm(1);
      ntuple->Fill(px,py,pz,random,i);
      if (i%1000 == 1) ntuple->AutoSave("SaveSelf");
   }
}

script treer.C:

void treer() {
   TFile f("test.root");
   TTree *ntuple = (TTree*)f.Get("ntuple");
   TCanvas c1;
   Int_t first = 0;
   while(1) {
      if (first == 0) ntuple->Draw("px>>hpx", "","",10000000,first);
      else            ntuple->Draw("px>>+hpx","","",10000000,first);
      first = (Int_t)ntuple->GetEntries();
      c1.Update();
      gSystem->Sleep(1000); //sleep 1 second
      ntuple->Refresh();
   }
}

Definition at line 1500 of file TTree.cxx.

Branch() [1/13]

Int_t TTree::Branch ( const char *  foldername, Int_t  bufsize = 32000, Int_t  splitlevel = 99  )

virtual

Create one branch for each element in the folder.

Returns the total number of branches created.

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 1880 of file TTree.cxx.

Branch() [2/13]

TBranch * TTree::Branch ( const char *  name, char *  address, const char *  leaflist, Int_t  bufsize = 32000  )

inline

Definition at line 379 of file TTree.h.

Branch() [3/13]

template<class T >

TBranch * TTree::Branch ( const char *  name, const char *  classname, T **  addobj, Int_t  bufsize = 32000, Int_t  splitlevel = 99  )

inline

Definition at line 400 of file TTree.h.

Branch() [4/13]

template<class T >

TBranch * TTree::Branch ( const char *  name, const char *  classname, T *  obj, Int_t  bufsize = 32000, Int_t  splitlevel = 99  )

inline

Definition at line 395 of file TTree.h.

Branch() [5/13]

TBranch * TTree::Branch ( const char *  name, const char *  classname, void *  addobj, Int_t  bufsize = 32000, Int_t  splitlevel = 99  )

virtual

Create a new branch with the object of class classname at address addobj.

WARNING:

Starting with Root version 3.01, the Branch function uses the new style branches (TBranchElement). To get the old behaviour, you can:

• call BranchOld or
• call TTree::SetBranchStyle(0)

Note that with the new style, classname does not need to derive from TObject. It must derived from TObject if the branch style has been set to 0 (old)

Note: See the comments in TBranchElement::SetAddress() for a more detailed discussion of the meaning of the addobj parameter in the case of new-style branches.

Use splitlevel < 0 instead of splitlevel=0 when the class has a custom Streamer

Note: if the split level is set to the default (99), TTree::Branch will not issue a warning if the class can not be split.

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 2021 of file TTree.cxx.

Branch() [6/13]

TBranch * TTree::Branch ( const char *  name, int  address, const char *  leaflist, Int_t  bufsize = 32000  )

inline

Definition at line 389 of file TTree.h.

Branch() [7/13]

TBranch * TTree::Branch ( const char *  name, Longptr_t  address, const char *  leaflist, Int_t  bufsize = 32000  )

inline

Definition at line 384 of file TTree.h.

Branch() [8/13]

template<typename T , std::size_t N>

TBranch * TTree::Branch ( const char *  name, std::array< T, N > *  obj, Int_t  bufsize = 32000, Int_t  splitlevel = 99  )

inline

Definition at line 405 of file TTree.h.

Branch() [9/13]

template<class T >

TBranch * TTree::Branch ( const char *  name, T **  addobj, Int_t  bufsize = 32000, Int_t  splitlevel = 99  )

inline

Add a new branch, and infer the data type from the array addobj being passed.

Note

This and the previous overload should cover most cases for creating a branch. Try to use these two whenever possible, unless e.g. type conversions are needed.

Parameters

[in]	name	Name of the branch to be created.
[in]	addobj	Array of the objects to be added. When calling Fill(), the current value of the type/object will be saved.
[in]	bufsize	he buffer size in bytes for this branch. When the buffer is full, it is compressed and written to disc. The default value of 32000 bytes and should be ok for most simple types. Larger buffers (e.g. 256000) if your Tree is not split and each entry is large (Megabytes). A small value for bufsize is beneficial if entries in the Tree are accessed randomly and the Tree is in split mode.
[in]	splitlevel	If T is a class or struct and splitlevel > 0, the members of the object are serialised as separate branches.

Returns

Pointer to the TBranch that was created. The branch is owned by the tree.

Definition at line 370 of file TTree.h.

Branch() [10/13]

template<class T >

TBranch * TTree::Branch ( const char *  name, T *  obj, Int_t  bufsize = 32000, Int_t  splitlevel = 99  )

inline

Add a new branch, and infer the data type from the type of obj being passed.

Note

This and the next overload should cover most cases for creating a branch. Try to use these two whenever possible, unless e.g. type conversions are needed.

Parameters

[in]	name	Name of the branch to be created.
[in]	obj	Address of the object to be added. Make sure to pass a pointer to the actual type/class that should be stored in the tree (no pointers to base classes). When calling Fill(), the current value of the type/object will be saved.
[in]	bufsize	The buffer size in bytes for this branch. When the buffer is full, it is compressed and written to disc. The default value of 32000 bytes and should be ok for most simple types. Larger buffers (e.g. 256000) if your Tree is not split and each entry is large (Megabytes). A small value for bufsize is beneficial if entries in the Tree are accessed randomly and the Tree is in split mode.
[in]	splitlevel	If T is a class or struct and splitlevel > 0, the members of the object are serialised as separate branches.

Returns

Pointer to the TBranch that was created. The branch is owned by the tree.

Definition at line 353 of file TTree.h.

Branch() [11/13]

TBranch * TTree::Branch ( const char *  name, void *  address, const char *  leaflist, Int_t  bufsize = 32000  )

virtual

Create a new TTree Branch.

This Branch constructor is provided to support non-objects in a Tree. The variables described in leaflist may be simple variables or structures. // See the two following constructors for writing objects in a Tree.

By default the branch buffers are stored in the same file as the Tree. use TBranch::SetFile to specify a different file

• address is the address of the first item of a structure.

• leaflist is the concatenation of all the variable names and types separated by a colon character : The variable name and the variable type are separated by a slash (/). The variable type may be 0,1 or 2 characters. If no type is given, the type of the variable is assumed to be the same as the previous variable. If the first variable does not have a type, it is assumed of type F by default. The list of currently supported types is given below:

  • C : a character string terminated by the 0 character
  • B : an 8 bit signed integer (Char_t); Treated as a character when in an array.
  • b : an 8 bit unsigned integer (UChar_t)
  • S : a 16 bit signed integer (Short_t)
  • s : a 16 bit unsigned integer (UShort_t)
  • I : a 32 bit signed integer (Int_t)
  • i : a 32 bit unsigned integer (UInt_t)
  • F : a 32 bit floating point (Float_t)
  • f : a 24 bit floating point with truncated mantissa (Float16_t)
  • D : a 64 bit floating point (Double_t)
  • d : a 24 bit truncated floating point (Double32_t)
  • L : a 64 bit signed integer (Long64_t)
  • l : a 64 bit unsigned integer (ULong64_t)
  • G : a long signed integer, stored as 64 bit (Long_t)
  • g : a long unsigned integer, stored as 64 bit (ULong_t)
  • O : [the letter o, not a zero] a boolean (Bool_t)

  Arrays of values are supported with the following syntax:

  • If leaf name has the form var[nelem], where nelem is alphanumeric, then if nelem is a leaf name, it is used as the variable size of the array, otherwise return 0. The leaf referred to by nelem MUST be an int (/I),
  • If leaf name has the form var[nelem], where nelem is a non-negative integer, then it is used as the fixed size of the array.
  • If leaf name has the form of a multi-dimensional array (e.g. var[nelem][nelem2]) where nelem and nelem2 are non-negative integer) then it is used as a 2 dimensional array of fixed size.
  • In case of the truncated floating point types (Float16_t and Double32_t) you can furthermore specify the range in the style [xmin,xmax] or [xmin,xmax,nbits] after the type character. See TStreamerElement::GetRange() for further information.

  Any of other form is not supported.

Note that the TTree will assume that all the item are contiguous in memory. On some platform, this is not always true of the member of a struct or a class, due to padding and alignment. Sorting your data member in order of decreasing sizeof usually leads to their being contiguous in memory.

• bufsize is the buffer size in bytes for this branch The default value is 32000 bytes and should be ok for most cases. You can specify a larger value (e.g. 256000) if your Tree is not split and each entry is large (Megabytes) A small value for bufsize is optimum if you intend to access the entries in the Tree randomly and your Tree is in split mode.

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 1986 of file TTree.cxx.

Branch() [12/13]

Int_t TTree::Branch ( TCollection *  li, Int_t  bufsize = 32000, Int_t  splitlevel = 99, const char *  name = ""  )

virtual

Create one branch for each element in the collection.

Each entry in the collection becomes a top level branch if the corresponding class is not a collection. If it is a collection, the entry in the collection becomes in turn top level branches, etc. The splitlevel is decreased by 1 every time a new collection is found. For example if list is a TObjArray*

• if splitlevel = 1, one top level branch is created for each element of the TObjArray.
• if splitlevel = 2, one top level branch is created for each array element. if, in turn, one of the array elements is a TCollection, one top level branch will be created for each element of this collection.

In case a collection element is a TClonesArray, the special Tree constructor for TClonesArray is called. The collection itself cannot be a TClonesArray.

The function returns the total number of branches created.

If name is given, all branch names will be prefixed with name_.

IMPORTANT NOTE1: This function should not be called with splitlevel < 1.

IMPORTANT NOTE2: The branches created by this function will have names corresponding to the collection or object names. It is important to give names to collections to avoid misleading branch names or identical branch names. By default collections have a name equal to the corresponding class name, e.g. the default name for a TList is "TList".

And in general, in case two or more master branches contain subbranches with identical names, one must add a "." (dot) character at the end of the master branch name. This will force the name of the subbranches to be of the form master.subbranch instead of simply subbranch. This situation happens when the top level object has two or more members referencing the same class. For example, if a Tree has two branches B1 and B2 corresponding to objects of the same class MyClass, one can do:

tree.Branch("B1.","MyClass",&b1,8000,1);
tree.Branch("B2.","MyClass",&b2,8000,1);

if MyClass has 3 members a,b,c, the two instructions above will generate subbranches called B1.a, B1.b ,B1.c, B2.a, B2.b, B2.c

Example:

{
      TTree T("T","test list");
      TList *list = new TList();
 
      TObjArray *a1 = new TObjArray();
      a1->SetName("a1");
      list->Add(a1);
      TH1F *ha1a = new TH1F("ha1a","ha1",100,0,1);
      TH1F *ha1b = new TH1F("ha1b","ha1",100,0,1);
      a1->Add(ha1a);
      a1->Add(ha1b);
      TObjArray *b1 = new TObjArray();
      b1->SetName("b1");
      list->Add(b1);
      TH1F *hb1a = new TH1F("hb1a","hb1",100,0,1);
      TH1F *hb1b = new TH1F("hb1b","hb1",100,0,1);
      b1->Add(hb1a);
      b1->Add(hb1b);
 
      TObjArray *a2 = new TObjArray();
      a2->SetName("a2");
      list->Add(a2);
      TH1S *ha2a = new TH1S("ha2a","ha2",100,0,1);
      TH1S *ha2b = new TH1S("ha2b","ha2",100,0,1);
      a2->Add(ha2a);
      a2->Add(ha2b);
 
      T.Branch(list,16000,2);
      T.Print();
}

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 1833 of file TTree.cxx.

Branch() [13/13]

Int_t TTree::Branch ( TList *  list, Int_t  bufsize = 32000, Int_t  splitlevel = 99  )

virtual

Deprecated function. Use next function instead.

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 1749 of file TTree.cxx.

BranchImp() [1/2]

TBranch * TTree::BranchImp ( const char *  branchname, const char *  classname, TClass *  ptrClass, void *  addobj, Int_t  bufsize, Int_t  splitlevel  )

protectedvirtual

Same as TTree::Branch() with added check that addobj matches className.

See also

TTree::Branch() for other details.

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 1554 of file TTree.cxx.

BranchImp() [2/2]

TBranch * TTree::BranchImp ( const char *  branchname, TClass *  ptrClass, void *  addobj, Int_t  bufsize, Int_t  splitlevel  )

protectedvirtual

Same as TTree::Branch but automatic detection of the class name.

See also

TTree::Branch for other details.

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 1602 of file TTree.cxx.

BranchImpArr()

TBranch * TTree::BranchImpArr ( const char *  branchname, EDataType  datatype, std::size_t  N, void *  addobj, Int_t  bufsize, Int_t  splitlevel  )

protectedvirtual

Definition at line 1731 of file TTree.cxx.

BranchImpRef() [1/2]

TBranch * TTree::BranchImpRef ( const char *  branchname, const char *  classname, TClass *  ptrClass, void *  addobj, Int_t  bufsize, Int_t  splitlevel  )

protectedvirtual

Same as TTree::Branch but automatic detection of the class name.

See also

TTree::Branch for other details.

Definition at line 1635 of file TTree.cxx.

BranchImpRef() [2/2]

TBranch * TTree::BranchImpRef ( const char *  branchname, TClass *  ptrClass, EDataType  datatype, void *  addobj, Int_t  bufsize, Int_t  splitlevel  )

protectedvirtual

Same as TTree::Branch but automatic detection of the class name.

See also

TTree::Branch for other details.

Definition at line 1695 of file TTree.cxx.

BranchOld()

TBranch * TTree::BranchOld ( const char *  name, const char *  classname, void *  addobj, Int_t  bufsize = 32000, Int_t  splitlevel = 1  )

virtual

Create a new TTree BranchObject.

Build a TBranchObject for an object of class classname. addobj is the address of a pointer to an object of class classname. IMPORTANT: classname must derive from TObject. The class dictionary must be available (ClassDef in class header).

This option requires access to the library where the corresponding class is defined. Accessing one single data member in the object implies reading the full object. See the next Branch constructor for a more efficient storage in case the entry consists of arrays of identical objects.

By default the branch buffers are stored in the same file as the Tree. use TBranch::SetFile to specify a different file

IMPORTANT NOTE about branch names:

And in general, in case two or more master branches contain subbranches with identical names, one must add a "." (dot) character at the end of the master branch name. This will force the name of the subbranches to be of the form master.subbranch instead of simply subbranch. This situation happens when the top level object has two or more members referencing the same class. For example, if a Tree has two branches B1 and B2 corresponding to objects of the same class MyClass, one can do:

tree.Branch("B1.","MyClass",&b1,8000,1);
tree.Branch("B2.","MyClass",&b2,8000,1);

if MyClass has 3 members a,b,c, the two instructions above will generate subbranches called B1.a, B1.b ,B1.c, B2.a, B2.b, B2.c

bufsize is the buffer size in bytes for this branch The default value is 32000 bytes and should be ok for most cases. You can specify a larger value (e.g. 256000) if your Tree is not split and each entry is large (Megabytes) A small value for bufsize is optimum if you intend to access the entries in the Tree randomly and your Tree is in split mode.

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 2074 of file TTree.cxx.

BranchRef()

TBranch * TTree::BranchRef ( )

virtual

Build the optional branch supporting the TRefTable.

This branch will keep all the information to find the branches containing referenced objects.

At each Tree::Fill, the branch numbers containing the referenced objects are saved to the TBranchRef basket. When the Tree header is saved (via TTree::Write), the branch is saved keeping the information with the pointers to the branches having referenced objects.

Definition at line 2328 of file TTree.cxx.

Bronch()

TBranch * TTree::Bronch ( const char *  name, const char *  classname, void *  addr, Int_t  bufsize = 32000, Int_t  splitlevel = 99  )

virtual

Create a new TTree BranchElement.

WARNING about this new function

This function is designed to replace the internal implementation of the old TTree::Branch (whose implementation has been moved to BranchOld).

NOTE: The 'Bronch' method supports only one possible calls signature (where the object type has to be specified explicitly and the address must be the address of a pointer). For more flexibility use 'Branch'. Use Bronch only in (rare) cases (likely to be legacy cases) where both the new and old implementation of Branch needs to be used at the same time.

This function is far more powerful than the old Branch function. It supports the full C++, including STL and has the same behaviour in split or non-split mode. classname does not have to derive from TObject. The function is based on the new TStreamerInfo.

Build a TBranchElement for an object of class classname.

addr is the address of a pointer to an object of class classname. The class dictionary must be available (ClassDef in class header).

Note: See the comments in TBranchElement::SetAddress() for a more detailed discussion of the meaning of the addr parameter.

This option requires access to the library where the corresponding class is defined. Accessing one single data member in the object implies reading the full object.

By default the branch buffers are stored in the same file as the Tree. use TBranch::SetFile to specify a different file

IMPORTANT NOTE about branch names:

And in general, in case two or more master branches contain subbranches with identical names, one must add a "." (dot) character at the end of the master branch name. This will force the name of the subbranches to be of the form master.subbranch instead of simply subbranch. This situation happens when the top level object has two or more members referencing the same class. For example, if a Tree has two branches B1 and B2 corresponding to objects of the same class MyClass, one can do:

tree.Branch("B1.","MyClass",&b1,8000,1);
tree.Branch("B2.","MyClass",&b2,8000,1);

if MyClass has 3 members a,b,c, the two instructions above will generate subbranches called B1.a, B1.b ,B1.c, B2.a, B2.b, B2.c

bufsize is the buffer size in bytes for this branch The default value is 32000 bytes and should be ok for most cases. You can specify a larger value (e.g. 256000) if your Tree is not split and each entry is large (Megabytes) A small value for bufsize is optimum if you intend to access the entries in the Tree randomly and your Tree is in split mode.

Use splitlevel < 0 instead of splitlevel=0 when the class has a custom Streamer

Note: if the split level is set to the default (99), TTree::Branch will not issue a warning if the class can not be split.

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 2404 of file TTree.cxx.

BronchExec()

TBranch * TTree::BronchExec ( const char *  name, const char *  classname, void *  addobj, Bool_t  isptrptr, Int_t  bufsize, Int_t  splitlevel  )

protectedvirtual

Helper function implementing TTree::Bronch and TTree::Branch(const char *name, T &obj);.

Definition at line 2412 of file TTree.cxx.

Browse()

void TTree::Browse ( TBrowser *  b )

overridevirtual

Browse content of the TTree.

Reimplemented from TObject.

Definition at line 2609 of file TTree.cxx.

BuildIndex()

Int_t TTree::BuildIndex ( const char *  majorname, const char *  minorname = "0"  )

virtual

Build a Tree Index (default is TTreeIndex).

See a description of the parameters and functionality in TTreeIndex::TTreeIndex().

The return value is the number of entries in the Index (< 0 indicates failure).

A TTreeIndex object pointed by fTreeIndex is created. This object will be automatically deleted by the TTree destructor. If an index is already existing, this is replaced by the new one without being deleted. This behaviour prevents the deletion of a previously external index assigned to the TTree via the TTree::SetTreeIndex() method.

See also

also comments in TTree::SetTreeIndex().

Definition at line 2637 of file TTree.cxx.

BuildStreamerInfo()

TStreamerInfo * TTree::BuildStreamerInfo	(	TClass *	cl,
		void *	pointer = nullptr,
		Bool_t	canOptimize = kTRUE
	)

Build StreamerInfo for class cl.

pointer is an optional argument that may contain a pointer to an object of cl.

Definition at line 2652 of file TTree.cxx.

ChangeFile()

TFile * TTree::ChangeFile ( TFile *  file )

virtual

Called by TTree::Fill() when file has reached its maximum fgMaxTreeSize.

Create a new file. If the original file is named "myfile.root", subsequent files are named "myfile_1.root", "myfile_2.root", etc.

Returns a pointer to the new file.

Currently, the automatic change of file is restricted to the case where the tree is in the top level directory. The file should not contain sub-directories.

Before switching to a new file, the tree header is written to the current file, then the current file is closed.

To process the multiple files created by ChangeFile, one must use a TChain.

The new file name has a suffix "_N" where N is equal to fFileNumber+1. By default a Root session starts with fFileNumber=0. One can set fFileNumber to a different value via TTree::SetFileNumber. In case a file named "_N" already exists, the function will try a file named "__N", then "___N", etc.

fgMaxTreeSize can be set via the static function TTree::SetMaxTreeSize. The default value of fgMaxTreeSize is 100 Gigabytes.

If the current file contains other objects like TH1 and TTree, these objects are automatically moved to the new file.

Warning

Be careful when writing the final Tree header to the file! Don't do:

TFile *file = new TFile("myfile.root","recreate");
TTree *T = new TTree("T","title");
T->Fill(); // Loop
file->Write();
file->Close();

but do the following:

TFile *file = new TFile("myfile.root","recreate");
TTree *T = new TTree("T","title");
T->Fill(); // Loop
file = T->GetCurrentFile(); // To get the pointer to the current file
file->Write();
file->Close();

Note

This method is never called if the input file is a TMemFile or derivate.

Definition at line 2749 of file TTree.cxx.

CheckBranchAddressType()

Int_t TTree::CheckBranchAddressType ( TBranch *  branch, TClass *  ptrClass, EDataType  datatype, Bool_t  isptr  )

protectedvirtual

Check whether or not the address described by the last 3 parameters matches the content of the branch.

If a Data Model Evolution conversion is involved, reset the fInfo of the branch. The return values are:

• kMissingBranch (-5) : Missing branch
• kInternalError (-4) : Internal error (could not find the type corresponding to a data type number)
• kMissingCompiledCollectionProxy (-3) : Missing compiled collection proxy for a compiled collection
• kMismatch (-2) : Non-Class Pointer type given does not match the type expected by the branch
• kClassMismatch (-1) : Class Pointer type given does not match the type expected by the branch
• kMatch (0) : perfect match
• kMatchConversion (1) : match with (I/O) conversion
• kMatchConversionCollection (2) : match with (I/O) conversion of the content of a collection
• kMakeClass (3) : MakeClass mode so we can not check.
• kVoidPtr (4) : void* passed so no check was made.
• kNoCheck (5) : Underlying TBranch not yet available so no check was made. In addition this can be multiplexed with the two bits:
• kNeedEnableDecomposedObj : in order for the address (type) to be 'usable' the branch needs to be in Decomposed Object (aka MakeClass) mode.
• kNeedDisableDecomposedObj : in order for the address (type) to be 'usable' the branch needs to not be in Decomposed Object (aka MakeClass) mode. This bits can be masked out by using kDecomposedObjMask

Definition at line 2867 of file TTree.cxx.

Class()

static TClass * TTree::Class ( )

static

Returns

TClass describing this class

Class_Name()

static const char * TTree::Class_Name ( )

static

Returns

Name of this class

Class_Version()

static constexpr Version_t TTree::Class_Version ( )

inlinestaticconstexpr

Returns

Version of this class

Definition at line 659 of file TTree.h.

CloneTree()

TTree * TTree::CloneTree ( Long64_t  nentries = -1, Option_t *  option = ""  )

virtual

Create a clone of this tree and copy nentries.

By default copy all entries. The compression level of the cloned tree is set to the destination file's compression level.

NOTE: Only active branches are copied. NOTE: If the TTree is a TChain, the structure of the first TTree is used for the copy.

IMPORTANT: The cloned tree stays connected with this tree until this tree is deleted. In particular, any changes in branch addresses in this tree are forwarded to the clone trees, unless a branch in a clone tree has had its address changed, in which case that change stays in effect. When this tree is deleted, all the addresses of the cloned tree are reset to their default values.

If 'option' contains the word 'fast' and nentries is -1, the cloning will be done without unzipping or unstreaming the baskets (i.e., a direct copy of the raw bytes on disk).

When 'fast' is specified, 'option' can also contain a sorting order for the baskets in the output file.

There are currently 3 supported sorting order:

• SortBasketsByOffset (the default)
• SortBasketsByBranch
• SortBasketsByEntry

When using SortBasketsByOffset the baskets are written in the output file in the same order as in the original file (i.e. the baskets are sorted by their offset in the original file; Usually this also means that the baskets are sorted by the index/number of the last entry they contain)

When using SortBasketsByBranch all the baskets of each individual branches are stored contiguously. This tends to optimize reading speed when reading a small number (1->5) of branches, since all their baskets will be clustered together instead of being spread across the file. However it might decrease the performance when reading more branches (or the full entry).

When using SortBasketsByEntry the baskets with the lowest starting entry are written first. (i.e. the baskets are sorted by the index/number of the first entry they contain). This means that on the file the baskets will be in the order in which they will be needed when reading the whole tree sequentially.

For examples of CloneTree, see tutorials:

• copytree.C: A macro to copy a subset of a TTree to a new TTree. The input file has been generated by the program in $ROOTSYS/test/Event with: Event 1000 1 1 1
• copytree2.C: A macro to copy a subset of a TTree to a new TTree. One branch of the new Tree is written to a separate file. The input file has been generated by the program in $ROOTSYS/test/Event with: Event 1000 1 1 1

Reimplemented in TNtuple.

Definition at line 3136 of file TTree.cxx.

CopyAddresses()

void TTree::CopyAddresses ( TTree *  tree, Bool_t  undo = kFALSE  )

virtual

Set branch addresses of passed tree equal to ours.

If undo is true, reset the branch addresses instead of copying them. This ensures 'separation' of a cloned tree from its original.

Definition at line 3296 of file TTree.cxx.

CopyEntries()

Long64_t TTree::CopyEntries ( TTree *  tree, Long64_t  nentries = -1, Option_t *  option = "", Bool_t  needCopyAddresses = false  )

virtual

Copy nentries from given tree to this tree.

This routines assumes that the branches that intended to be copied are already connected. The typical case is that this tree was created using tree->CloneTree(0).

By default copy all entries.

Returns number of bytes copied to this tree.

If 'option' contains the word 'fast' and nentries is -1, the cloning will be done without unzipping or unstreaming the baskets (i.e., a direct copy of the raw bytes on disk).

When 'fast' is specified, 'option' can also contains a sorting order for the baskets in the output file.

There are currently 3 supported sorting order:

• SortBasketsByOffset (the default)
• SortBasketsByBranch
• SortBasketsByEntry

See TTree::CloneTree for a detailed explanation of the semantics of these 3 options.

If the tree or any of the underlying tree of the chain has an index, that index and any index in the subsequent underlying TTree objects will be merged.

There are currently three 'options' to control this merging:

• NoIndex : all the TTreeIndex object are dropped.
• DropIndexOnError : if any of the underlying TTree object do no have a TTreeIndex, they are all dropped.
• AsIsIndexOnError [default]: In case of missing TTreeIndex, the resulting TTree index has gaps.
• BuildIndexOnError : If any of the underlying TTree objects do not have a TTreeIndex, all TTreeIndex are 'ignored' and the missing piece are rebuilt.

Definition at line 3531 of file TTree.cxx.

CopyTree()

TTree * TTree::CopyTree ( const char *  selection, Option_t *  option = "", Long64_t  nentries = kMaxEntries, Long64_t  firstentry = 0  )

virtual

Copy a tree with selection.

Important:

The returned copied tree stays connected with the original tree until the original tree is deleted. In particular, any changes to the branch addresses in the original tree are also made to the copied tree. Any changes made to the branch addresses of the copied tree are overridden anytime the original tree changes its branch addresses. When the original tree is deleted, all the branch addresses of the copied tree are set to zero.

For examples of CopyTree, see the tutorials:

• copytree.C: Example macro to copy a subset of a tree to a new tree. The input file was generated by running the program in $ROOTSYS/test/Event in this way:

  ./Event 1000 1 1 1

• copytree2.C Example macro to copy a subset of a tree to a new tree. One branch of the new tree is written to a separate file. The input file was generated by running the program in $ROOTSYS/test/Event in this way:

  ./Event 1000 1 1 1

• copytree3.C Example macro to copy a subset of a tree to a new tree. Only selected entries are copied to the new tree. NOTE that only the active branches are copied.

Definition at line 3716 of file TTree.cxx.

CreateBasket()

TBasket * TTree::CreateBasket ( TBranch *  branch )

virtual

Create a basket for this tree and given branch.

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 3728 of file TTree.cxx.

Debug()

Int_t TTree::Debug ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 429 of file TTree.h.

DeclFileName()

static const char * TTree::DeclFileName ( )

inlinestatic

Returns

Name of the file containing the class declaration

Definition at line 659 of file TTree.h.

Delete()

void TTree::Delete ( Option_t *  option = "" )

overridevirtual

Delete this tree from memory or/and disk.

• if option == "all" delete Tree object from memory AND from disk all baskets on disk are deleted. All keys with same name are deleted.
• if option =="" only Tree object in memory is deleted.

Reimplemented from TObject.

Definition at line 3744 of file TTree.cxx.

DirectoryAutoAdd()

void TTree::DirectoryAutoAdd ( TDirectory *  dir )

virtual

Called by TKey and TObject::Clone to automatically add us to a directory when we are read from a file.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 3816 of file TTree.cxx.

Draw() [1/3]

Long64_t TTree::Draw ( const char *  varexp, const char *  selection, Option_t *  option = "", Long64_t  nentries = kMaxEntries, Long64_t  firstentry = 0  )

virtual

Draw expression varexp for entries and objects that pass a (optional) selection.

Returns

-1 in case of error or number of selected events in case of success.

Parameters

[in]	varexp	A string that takes one of these general forms: "e1" produces a 1-d histogram (TH1F) of expression "e1" "e1:e2" produces an unbinned 2-d scatter-plot (TGraph) of "e1" on the y-axis versus "e2" on the x-axis "e1:e2:e3" produces an unbinned 3-d scatter-plot (TPolyMarker3D) of "e1" vs "e2" vs "e3" on the z-, y-, x-axis, respectively "e1:e2:e3:e4" produces an unbinned 3-d scatter-plot (TPolyMarker3D) of "e1" vs "e2" vs "e3" and "e4" mapped on the current color palette. (to create histograms in the 2, 3, and 4 dimensional case, see section "Saving the result of Draw to an histogram") "e1:e2:e3:e4:e5" with option "GL5D" produces a 5D plot using OpenGL. gStyle->SetCanvasPreferGL(true) is needed. Any number of variables no fewer than two can be used with the options "CANDLE" and "PARA" An arbitrary number of variables can be used with the option "GOFF" Examples: "x": the simplest case, it draws a 1-Dim histogram of column x "sqrt(x)", "x*y/z": draw histogram with the values of the specified numerical expression across TTree events "y:sqrt(x)": 2-Dim histogram of y versus sqrt(x) "px:py:pz:2.5*E": produces a 3-d scatter-plot of px vs py ps pz and the color number of each marker will be 2.5*E. If the color number is negative it is set to 0. If the color number is greater than the current number of colors it is set to the highest color number. The default number of colors is 50. See TStyle::SetPalette for setting a new color palette. The expressions can use all the operations and built-in functions supported by TFormula (see TFormula::Analyze()), including free functions taking numerical arguments (e.g. TMath::Bessel()). In addition, you can call member functions taking numerical arguments. For example, these are two valid expressions: TMath::BreitWigner(fPx,3,2) event.GetHistogram()->GetXaxis()->GetXmax()
[in]	selection	A string containing a selection expression. In a selection all usual C++ mathematical and logical operators are allowed. The value corresponding to the selection expression is used as a weight to fill the histogram (a weight of 0 is equivalent to not filling the histogram). Examples: "x<y && sqrt(z)>3.2": returns a weight = 0 or 1 "(x+y)*(sqrt(z)>3.2)": returns a weight = x+y if sqrt(z)>3.2, 0 otherwise If the selection expression returns an array, it is iterated over in sync with the array returned by the varexp argument (as described below in "Drawing expressions using arrays and array elements"). For example, if, for a given event, varexp evaluates to {1., 2., 3.} and selection evaluates to {0, 1, 0}, the resulting histogram is filled with the value 2. For example, for each event here we perform a simple object selection: // Muon_pt is an array: fill a histogram with the array elements > 100 in each event tree->Draw('Muon_pt', 'Muon_pt > 100')
[in]	option	The drawing option. When an histogram is produced it can be any histogram drawing option listed in THistPainter. when no option is specified: the default histogram drawing option is used if the expression is of the form "e1". if the expression is of the form "e1:e2"or "e1:e2:e3" a cloud of unbinned 2D or 3D points is drawn respectively. if the expression has four fields "e1:e2:e3:e4" a cloud of unbinned 3D points is produced with e1 vs e2 vs e3, and e4 is mapped on the current color palette. If option COL is specified when varexp has three fields: tree.Draw("e1:e2:e3","","col"); a 2D scatter is produced with e1 vs e2, and e3 is mapped on the current color palette. The colors for e3 are evaluated once in linear scale before painting. Therefore changing the pad to log scale along Z as no effect on the colors. if expression has more than four fields the option "PARA"or "CANDLE" can be used. If option contains the string "goff", no graphics is generated.
[in]	nentries	The number of entries to process (default is all)
[in]	firstentry	The first entry to process (default is 0)

Drawing expressions using arrays and array elements

Let assumes, a leaf fMatrix, on the branch fEvent, which is a 3 by 3 array, or a TClonesArray. In a TTree::Draw expression you can now access fMatrix using the following syntaxes:

String passed	What is used for each entry of the tree
fMatrix	the 9 elements of fMatrix
fMatrix[][]	the 9 elements of fMatrix
fMatrix[2][2]	only the elements fMatrix[2][2]
fMatrix[1]	the 3 elements fMatrix[1][0], fMatrix[1][1] and fMatrix[1][2]
fMatrix[1][]	the 3 elements fMatrix[1][0], fMatrix[1][1] and fMatrix[1][2]
fMatrix[][0]	the 3 elements fMatrix[0][0], fMatrix[1][0] and fMatrix[2][0]

"fEvent.fMatrix...." same as "fMatrix..." (unless there is more than one leaf named fMatrix!).

In summary, if a specific index is not specified for a dimension, TTree::Draw will loop through all the indices along this dimension. Leaving off the last (right most) dimension of specifying then with the two characters '[]' is equivalent. For variable size arrays (and TClonesArray) the range of the first dimension is recalculated for each entry of the tree. You can also specify the index as an expression of any other variables from the tree.

TTree::Draw also now properly handling operations involving 2 or more arrays.

Let assume a second matrix fResults[5][2], here are a sample of some of the possible combinations, the number of elements they produce and the loop used:

expression	element(s)	Loop
fMatrix[2][1] - fResults[5][2]	one	no loop
fMatrix[2][] - fResults[5][2]	three	on 2nd dim fMatrix
fMatrix[2][] - fResults[5][]	two	on both 2nd dimensions
fMatrix[][2] - fResults[][1]	three	on both 1st dimensions
fMatrix[][2] - fResults[][]	six	on both 1st and 2nd dimensions of fResults
fMatrix[][2] - fResults[3][]	two	on 1st dim of fMatrix and 2nd of fResults (at the same time)
fMatrix[][] - fResults[][]	six	on 1st dim then on 2nd dim
fMatrix[][fResult[][]]	30	on 1st dim of fMatrix then on both dimensions of fResults. The value if fResults[j][k] is used as the second index of fMatrix.

In summary, TTree::Draw loops through all unspecified dimensions. To figure out the range of each loop, we match each unspecified dimension from left to right (ignoring ALL dimensions for which an index has been specified), in the equivalent loop matched dimensions use the same index and are restricted to the smallest range (of only the matched dimensions). When involving variable arrays, the range can of course be different for each entry of the tree.

So the loop equivalent to "fMatrix[][2] - fResults[3][]" is:

for (Int_t i0; i < min(3,2); i++) {
   use the value of (fMatrix[i0][2] - fMatrix[3][i0])
}

So the loop equivalent to "fMatrix[][2] - fResults[][]" is:

for (Int_t i0; i < min(3,5); i++) {
   for (Int_t i1; i1 < 2; i1++) {
      use the value of (fMatrix[i0][2] - fMatrix[i0][i1])
   }
}

So the loop equivalent to "fMatrix[][] - fResults[][]" is:

for (Int_t i0; i < min(3,5); i++) {
   for (Int_t i1; i1 < min(3,2); i1++) {
      use the value of (fMatrix[i0][i1] - fMatrix[i0][i1])
   }
}

So the loop equivalent to "fMatrix[][fResults[][]]" is:

for (Int_t i0; i0 < 3; i0++) {
   for (Int_t j2; j2 < 5; j2++) {
      for (Int_t j3; j3 < 2; j3++) {
         i1 = fResults[j2][j3];
         use the value of fMatrix[i0][i1]
   }
}

Retrieving the result of Draw

By default a temporary histogram called htemp is created. It will be:

• A TH1F* in case of a mono-dimensional distribution: Draw("e1"),
• A TH2F* in case of a bi-dimensional distribution: Draw("e1:e2"),
• A TH3F* in case of a three-dimensional distribution: Draw("e1:e2:e3").

In the one dimensional case the htemp is filled and drawn whatever the drawing option is.

In the two and three dimensional cases, with the default drawing option (""), a cloud of points is drawn and the histogram htemp is not filled. For all the other drawing options htemp will be filled.

In all cases htemp can be retrieved by calling:

auto htemp = (TH1F*)gPad->GetPrimitive("htemp"); // 1D
auto htemp = (TH2F*)gPad->GetPrimitive("htemp"); // 2D
auto htemp = (TH3F*)gPad->GetPrimitive("htemp"); // 3D

In the two dimensional case (Draw("e1;e2")), with the default drawing option, the data is filled into a TGraph named Graph. This TGraph can be retrieved by calling

auto graph = (TGraph*)gPad->GetPrimitive("Graph");

For the three and four dimensional cases, with the default drawing option, an unnamed TPolyMarker3D is produced, and therefore cannot be retrieved.

In all cases htemp can be used to access the axes. For instance in the 2D case:

auto htemp = (TH2F*)gPad->GetPrimitive("htemp");
auto xaxis = htemp->GetXaxis();

When the option "A" is used (with TGraph painting option) to draw a 2D distribution:

tree.Draw("e1:e2","","A*");

a scatter plot is produced (with stars in that case) but the axis creation is delegated to TGraph and htemp is not created.

Saving the result of Draw to a histogram

If varexp contains >>hnew (following the variable(s) name(s)), the new histogram called hnew is created and it is kept in the current directory (and also the current pad). This works for all dimensions.

Example:

tree.Draw("sqrt(x)>>hsqrt","y>0")

will draw sqrt(x) and save the histogram as "hsqrt" in the current directory. To retrieve it do:

TH1F *hsqrt = (TH1F*)gDirectory->Get("hsqrt");

The binning information is taken from the environment variables

Hist.Binning.?D.?

In addition, the name of the histogram can be followed by up to 9 numbers between '(' and ')', where the numbers describe the following:

• 1 - bins in x-direction
• 2 - lower limit in x-direction
• 3 - upper limit in x-direction
• 4-6 same for y-direction
• 7-9 same for z-direction

When a new binning is used the new value will become the default. Values can be skipped.

Example:

tree.Draw("sqrt(x)>>hsqrt(500,10,20)")
     // plot sqrt(x) between 10 and 20 using 500 bins
tree.Draw("sqrt(x):sin(y)>>hsqrt(100,10,60,50,.1,.5)")
     // plot sqrt(x) against sin(y)
     // 100 bins in x-direction; lower limit on x-axis is 10; upper limit is 60
     //  50 bins in y-direction; lower limit on y-axis is .1; upper limit is .5

By default, the specified histogram is reset. To continue to append data to an existing histogram, use "+" in front of the histogram name.

A '+' in front of the histogram name is ignored, when the name is followed by binning information as described in the previous paragraph.

tree.Draw("sqrt(x)>>+hsqrt","y>0")

will not reset hsqrt, but will continue filling. This works for 1-D, 2-D and 3-D histograms.

Accessing collection objects

TTree::Draw default's handling of collections is to assume that any request on a collection pertain to it content. For example, if fTracks is a collection of Track objects, the following:

tree->Draw("event.fTracks.fPx");

will plot the value of fPx for each Track objects inside the collection. Also

tree->Draw("event.fTracks.size()");

would plot the result of the member function Track::size() for each Track object inside the collection. To access information about the collection itself, TTree::Draw support the '@' notation. If a variable which points to a collection is prefixed or postfixed with '@', the next part of the expression will pertain to the collection object. For example:

tree->Draw("event.@fTracks.size()");

will plot the size of the collection referred to by fTracks (i.e the number of Track objects).

Drawing 'objects'

When a class has a member function named AsDouble or AsString, requesting to directly draw the object will imply a call to one of the 2 functions. If both AsDouble and AsString are present, AsDouble will be used. AsString can return either a char*, a std::string or a TString.s For example, the following

tree->Draw("event.myTTimeStamp");

will draw the same histogram as

tree->Draw("event.myTTimeStamp.AsDouble()");

In addition, when the object is a type TString or std::string, TTree::Draw will call respectively TString::Data and std::string::c_str()

If the object is a TBits, the histogram will contain the index of the bit that are turned on.

Retrieving information about the tree itself.

You can refer to the tree (or chain) containing the data by using the string 'This'. You can then could any TTree methods. For example:

tree->Draw("This->GetReadEntry()");

will display the local entry numbers be read.

tree->Draw("This->GetUserInfo()->At(0)->GetName()");

will display the name of the first 'user info' object.

Special functions and variables

Entry$: A TTree::Draw formula can use the special variable Entry$ to access the entry number being read. For example to draw every other entry use:

tree.Draw("myvar","Entry$%2==0");

• Entry$ : return the current entry number (== TTree::GetReadEntry())
• LocalEntry$ : return the current entry number in the current tree of a chain (== GetTree()->GetReadEntry())
• Entries$ : return the total number of entries (== TTree::GetEntries())
• LocalEntries$ : return the total number of entries in the current tree of a chain (== GetTree()->TTree::GetEntries())
• Length$ : return the total number of element of this formula for this entry (==TTreeFormula::GetNdata())
• Iteration$ : return the current iteration over this formula for this entry (i.e. varies from 0 to Length$).
• Length$(formula ) : return the total number of element of the formula given as a parameter.
• Sum$(formula ) : return the sum of the value of the elements of the formula given as a parameter. For example the mean for all the elements in one entry can be calculated with: Sum$(formula )/Length$(formula )
• Min$(formula ) : return the minimum (within one TTree entry) of the value of the elements of the formula given as a parameter.
• Max$(formula ) : return the maximum (within one TTree entry) of the value of the elements of the formula given as a parameter.
• MinIf$(formula,condition)
• MaxIf$(formula,condition) : return the minimum (maximum) (within one TTree entry) of the value of the elements of the formula given as a parameter if they match the condition. If no element matches the condition, the result is zero. To avoid the resulting peak at zero, use the pattern:

  tree->Draw("MinIf$(formula,condition)","condition");

  which will avoid calculation MinIf$ for the entries that have no match for the condition.
• Alt$(primary,alternate) : return the value of "primary" if it is available for the current iteration otherwise return the value of "alternate". For example, with arr1[3] and arr2[2]

  tree->Draw("arr1+Alt$(arr2,0)");

  will draw arr1[0]+arr2[0] ; arr1[1]+arr2[1] and arr1[2]+0 Or with a variable size array arr3

  tree->Draw("Alt$(arr3[0],0)+Alt$(arr3[1],0)+Alt$(arr3[2],0)");

  will draw the sum arr3 for the index 0 to min(2,actual_size_of_arr3-1) As a comparison

  tree->Draw("arr3[0]+arr3[1]+arr3[2]");

  will draw the sum arr3 for the index 0 to 2 only if the actual_size_of_arr3 is greater or equal to 3. Note that the array in 'primary' is flattened/linearized thus using Alt$ with multi-dimensional arrays of different dimensions in unlikely to yield the expected results. To visualize a bit more what elements would be matched by TTree::Draw, TTree::Scan can be used:

  tree->Scan("arr1:Alt$(arr2,0)");

  will print on one line the value of arr1 and (arr2,0) that will be matched by

  tree->Draw("arr1-Alt$(arr2,0)");

  The ternary operator is not directly supported in TTree::Draw however, to plot the equivalent of var2<20 ? -99 : var1, you can use:

  tree->Draw("(var2<20)*99+(var2>=20)*var1","");

Drawing a user function accessing the TTree data directly

If the formula contains a file name, TTree::MakeProxy will be used to load and execute this file. In particular it will draw the result of a function with the same name as the file. The function will be executed in a context where the name of the branches can be used as a C++ variable.

For example draw px using the file hsimple.root (generated by the hsimple.C tutorial), we need a file named hsimple.cxx:

double hsimple() {
   return px;
}

MakeProxy can then be used indirectly via the TTree::Draw interface as follow:

new TFile("hsimple.root")
ntuple->Draw("hsimple.cxx");

A more complete example is available in the tutorials directory: h1analysisProxy.cxx, h1analysProxy.h and h1analysisProxyCut.C which reimplement the selector found in h1analysis.C

The main features of this facility are:

• on-demand loading of branches
• ability to use the 'branchname' as if it was a data member
• protection against array out-of-bound
• ability to use the branch data as object (when the user code is available)

See TTree::MakeProxy for more details.

Making a Profile histogram

In case of a 2-Dim expression, one can generate a TProfile histogram instead of a TH2F histogram by specifying option=prof or option=profs or option=profi or option=profg ; the trailing letter select the way the bin error are computed, See TProfile2D::SetErrorOption for details on the differences. The option=prof is automatically selected in case of y:x>>pf where pf is an existing TProfile histogram.

Making a 2D Profile histogram

In case of a 3-Dim expression, one can generate a TProfile2D histogram instead of a TH3F histogram by specifying option=prof or option=profs. or option=profi or option=profg ; the trailing letter select the way the bin error are computed, See TProfile2D::SetErrorOption for details on the differences. The option=prof is automatically selected in case of z:y:x>>pf where pf is an existing TProfile2D histogram.

Making a 5D plot using GL

If option GL5D is specified together with 5 variables, a 5D plot is drawn using OpenGL. See $ROOTSYS/tutorials/tree/staff.C as example.

Making a parallel coordinates plot

In case of a 2-Dim or more expression with the option=para, one can generate a parallel coordinates plot. With that option, the number of dimensions is arbitrary. Giving more than 4 variables without the option=para or option=candle or option=goff will produce an error.

Making a candle sticks chart

In case of a 2-Dim or more expression with the option=candle, one can generate a candle sticks chart. With that option, the number of dimensions is arbitrary. Giving more than 4 variables without the option=para or option=candle or option=goff will produce an error.

Normalizing the output histogram to 1

When option contains "norm" the output histogram is normalized to 1.

Saving the result of Draw to a TEventList, a TEntryList or a TEntryListArray

TTree::Draw can be used to fill a TEventList object (list of entry numbers) instead of histogramming one variable. If varexp0 has the form >>elist , a TEventList object named "elist" is created in the current directory. elist will contain the list of entry numbers satisfying the current selection. If option "entrylist" is used, a TEntryList object is created If the selection contains arrays, vectors or any container class and option "entrylistarray" is used, a TEntryListArray object is created containing also the subentries satisfying the selection, i.e. the indices of the branches which hold containers classes. Example:

tree.Draw(">>yplus","y>0")

will create a TEventList object named "yplus" in the current directory. In an interactive session, one can type (after TTree::Draw)

yplus.Print("all")

to print the list of entry numbers in the list.

tree.Draw(">>yplus", "y>0", "entrylist")

will create a TEntryList object names "yplus" in the current directory

tree.Draw(">>yplus", "y>0", "entrylistarray")

will create a TEntryListArray object names "yplus" in the current directory

By default, the specified entry list is reset. To continue to append data to an existing list, use "+" in front of the list name;

tree.Draw(">>+yplus","y>0")

will not reset yplus, but will enter the selected entries at the end of the existing list.

Using a TEventList, TEntryList or TEntryListArray as Input

Once a TEventList or a TEntryList object has been generated, it can be used as input for TTree::Draw. Use TTree::SetEventList or TTree::SetEntryList to set the current event list

Example 1:

TEventList *elist = (TEventList*)gDirectory->Get("yplus");
tree->SetEventList(elist);
tree->Draw("py");

Example 2:

TEntryList *elist = (TEntryList*)gDirectory->Get("yplus");
tree->SetEntryList(elist);
tree->Draw("py");

If a TEventList object is used as input, a new TEntryList object is created inside the SetEventList function. In case of a TChain, all tree headers are loaded for this transformation. This new object is owned by the chain and is deleted with it, unless the user extracts it by calling GetEntryList() function. See also comments to SetEventList() function of TTree and TChain.

If arrays are used in the selection criteria and TEntryListArray is not used, all the entries that have at least one element of the array that satisfy the selection are entered in the list.

Example:

tree.Draw(">>pyplus","fTracks.fPy>0");
tree->SetEventList(pyplus);
tree->Draw("fTracks.fPy");

will draw the fPy of ALL tracks in event with at least one track with a positive fPy.

To select only the elements that did match the original selection use TEventList::SetReapplyCut or TEntryList::SetReapplyCut.

Example:

tree.Draw(">>pyplus","fTracks.fPy>0");
pyplus->SetReapplyCut(kTRUE);
tree->SetEventList(pyplus);
tree->Draw("fTracks.fPy");

will draw the fPy of only the tracks that have a positive fPy.

To draw only the elements that match a selection in case of arrays, you can also use TEntryListArray (faster in case of a more general selection).

Example:

tree.Draw(">>pyplus","fTracks.fPy>0", "entrylistarray");
tree->SetEntryList(pyplus);
tree->Draw("fTracks.fPy");

will draw the fPy of only the tracks that have a positive fPy, but without redoing the selection.

Note: Use tree->SetEventList(0) if you do not want use the list as input.

How to obtain more info from TTree::Draw

Once TTree::Draw has been called, it is possible to access useful information still stored in the TTree object via the following functions:

• GetSelectedRows() // return the number of values accepted by the selection expression. In case where no selection was specified, returns the number of values processed.
• GetV1() // returns a pointer to the double array of V1
• GetV2() // returns a pointer to the double array of V2
• GetV3() // returns a pointer to the double array of V3
• GetV4() // returns a pointer to the double array of V4
• GetW() // returns a pointer to the double array of Weights where weight equal the result of the selection expression.

where V1,V2,V3 correspond to the expressions in

TTree::Draw("V1:V2:V3:V4",selection);

If the expression has more than 4 component use GetVal(index)

Example:

Root > ntuple->Draw("py:px","pz>4");
Root > TGraph *gr = new TGraph(ntuple->GetSelectedRows(),
                              ntuple->GetV2(), ntuple->GetV1());
Root > gr->Draw("ap"); //draw graph in current pad

A more complete complete tutorial (treegetval.C) shows how to use the GetVal() method.

creates a TGraph object with a number of points corresponding to the number of entries selected by the expression "pz>4", the x points of the graph being the px values of the Tree and the y points the py values.

Important note: By default TTree::Draw creates the arrays obtained with GetW, GetV1, GetV2, GetV3, GetV4, GetVal with a length corresponding to the parameter fEstimate. The content will be the last GetSelectedRows() % GetEstimate() values calculated. By default fEstimate=1000000 and can be modified via TTree::SetEstimate. To keep in memory all the results (in case where there is only one result per entry), use

tree->SetEstimate(tree->GetEntries()+1); // same as tree->SetEstimate(-1);

You must call SetEstimate if the expected number of selected rows you need to look at is greater than 1000000.

You can use the option "goff" to turn off the graphics output of TTree::Draw in the above example.

Automatic interface to TTree::Draw via the TTreeViewer

A complete graphical interface to this function is implemented in the class TTreeViewer. To start the TTreeViewer, three possibilities:

• select TTree context menu item "StartViewer"
• type the command "TTreeViewer TV(treeName)"
• execute statement "tree->StartViewer();"

Reimplemented in TChain, and TProofChain.

Definition at line 4504 of file TTree.cxx.

Draw() [2/3]

Long64_t TTree::Draw ( const char *  varexp, const TCut &  selection, Option_t *  option = "", Long64_t  nentries = kMaxEntries, Long64_t  firstentry = 0  )

virtual

Draw expression varexp for specified entries.

Returns

-1 in case of error or number of selected events in case of success.

This function accepts TCut objects as arguments. Useful to use the string operator +

Example:

ntuple.Draw("x",cut1+cut2+cut3);

Reimplemented in TChain, and TProofChain.

Definition at line 3852 of file TTree.cxx.

Draw() [3/3]

void TTree::Draw ( Option_t *  option )

inlineoverridevirtual

Default Draw method for all objects.

Reimplemented from TObject.

Definition at line 431 of file TTree.h.

DropBaskets()

void TTree::DropBaskets ( )

virtual

Remove some baskets from memory.

Definition at line 4515 of file TTree.cxx.

DropBranchFromCache() [1/2]

Int_t TTree::DropBranchFromCache ( const char *  bname, Bool_t  subbranches = kFALSE  )

virtual

Remove the branch with name 'bname' from the Tree cache.

If bname="*" all branches are removed from the cache. if subbranches is true all the branches of the subbranches are also removed from the cache.

Returns:

• 0 branch dropped or not in cache
• -1 on error

Definition at line 1142 of file TTree.cxx.

DropBranchFromCache() [2/2]

Int_t TTree::DropBranchFromCache ( TBranch *  b, Bool_t  subbranches = kFALSE  )

virtual

Remove the branch b from the Tree cache.

if subbranches is true all the branches of the subbranches are also removed from the cache.

Returns:

• 0 branch dropped or not in cache
• -1 on error

Definition at line 1181 of file TTree.cxx.

DropBuffers()

void TTree::DropBuffers ( Int_t  nbytes )

virtual

Drop branch buffers to accommodate nbytes below MaxVirtualsize.

Definition at line 4528 of file TTree.cxx.

EnableCache()

Bool_t TTree::EnableCache

(

)

Enable the TTreeCache unless explicitly disabled for this TTree by a prior call to SetCacheSize(0).

If the environment variable ROOT_TTREECACHE_SIZE or the rootrc config TTreeCache.Size has been set to zero, this call will over-ride them with a value of 1.0 (i.e. use a cache size to hold 1 cluster)

Return true if there is a cache attached to the TTree (either pre-exisiting or created as part of this call)

Definition at line 2685 of file TTree.cxx.

Fill()

Int_t TTree::Fill ( )

virtual

Fill all branches.

This function loops on all the branches of this tree. For each branch, it copies to the branch buffer (basket) the current values of the leaves data types. If a leaf is a simple data type, a simple conversion to a machine independent format has to be done.

This machine independent version of the data is copied into a basket (each branch has its own basket). When a basket is full (32k worth of data by default), it is then optionally compressed and written to disk (this operation is also called committing or 'flushing' the basket). The committed baskets are then immediately removed from memory.

The function returns the number of bytes committed to the individual branches.

If a write error occurs, the number of bytes returned is -1.

If no data are written, because, e.g., the branch is disabled, the number of bytes returned is 0.

The baskets are flushed and the Tree header saved at regular intervals

At regular intervals, when the amount of data written so far is greater than fAutoFlush (see SetAutoFlush) all the baskets are flushed to disk. This makes future reading faster as it guarantees that baskets belonging to nearby entries will be on the same disk region. When the first call to flush the baskets happen, we also take this opportunity to optimize the baskets buffers. We also check if the amount of data written is greater than fAutoSave (see SetAutoSave). In this case we also write the Tree header. This makes the Tree recoverable up to this point in case the program writing the Tree crashes. The decisions to FlushBaskets and Auto Save can be made based either on the number of bytes written (fAutoFlush and fAutoSave negative) or on the number of entries written (fAutoFlush and fAutoSave positive). Note that the user can decide to call FlushBaskets and AutoSave in her event loop base on the number of events written instead of the number of bytes written.

Note

Calling TTree::FlushBaskets too often increases the IO time.

Calling TTree::AutoSave too often increases the IO time and also the file size.

This method calls TTree::ChangeFile when the tree reaches a size greater than TTree::fgMaxTreeSize. This doesn't happen if the tree is attached to a TMemFile or derivate.

Reimplemented in TChain, TNtuple, TNtupleD, and TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 4600 of file TTree.cxx.

FindBranch()

TBranch * TTree::FindBranch ( const char *  branchname )

virtual

Return the branch that correspond to the path 'branchname', which can include the name of the tree or the omitted name of the parent branches.

In case of ambiguity, returns the first match.

Reimplemented in TProofChain, and TChain.

Definition at line 4838 of file TTree.cxx.

FindLeaf()

TLeaf * TTree::FindLeaf ( const char *  name )

virtual

Find leaf..

Reimplemented in TProofChain, and TChain.

Definition at line 4913 of file TTree.cxx.

Fit()

Int_t TTree::Fit ( const char *  funcname, const char *  varexp, const char *  selection = "", Option_t *  option = "", Option_t *  goption = "", Long64_t  nentries = kMaxEntries, Long64_t  firstentry = 0  )

virtual

Fit a projected item(s) from a tree.

funcname is a TF1 function.

See TTree::Draw() for explanations of the other parameters.

By default the temporary histogram created is called htemp. If varexp contains >>hnew , the new histogram created is called hnew and it is kept in the current directory.

The function returns the number of selected entries.

Example:

tree.Fit(pol4,"sqrt(x)>>hsqrt","y>0")

will fit sqrt(x) and save the histogram as "hsqrt" in the current directory.

See also TTree::UnbinnedFit

Return status

The function returns the status of the histogram fit (see TH1::Fit) If no entries were selected, the function returns -1; (i.e. fitResult is null if the fit is OK)

Definition at line 5076 of file TTree.cxx.

FlushBaskets()

Int_t TTree::FlushBaskets ( Bool_t  create_cluster = true ) const

virtual

Write to disk all the basket that have not yet been individually written and create an event cluster boundary (by default).

If the caller wishes to flush the baskets but not create an event cluster, then set create_cluster to false.

If ROOT has IMT-mode enabled, this will launch multiple TBB tasks in parallel via TThreadExecutor to do this operation; one per basket compression. If the caller utilizes TBB also, care must be taken to prevent deadlocks.

For example, let's say the caller holds mutex A and calls FlushBaskets; while TBB is waiting for the ROOT compression tasks to complete, it may decide to run another one of the user's tasks in this thread. If the second user task tries to acquire A, then a deadlock will occur. The example call sequence looks like this:

• User acquires mutex A
• User calls FlushBaskets.
• ROOT launches N tasks and calls wait.
• TBB schedules another user task, T2.
• T2 tries to acquire mutex A.

At this point, the thread will deadlock: the code may function with IMT-mode disabled if the user assumed the legacy code never would run their own TBB tasks.

SO: users of TBB who want to enable IMT-mode should carefully review their locking patterns and make sure they hold no coarse-grained application locks when they invoke ROOT.

Return the number of bytes written or -1 in case of write error.

Definition at line 5126 of file TTree.cxx.

FlushBasketsImpl()

Int_t TTree::FlushBasketsImpl ( ) const

private

Internal implementation of the FlushBaskets algorithm.

Unlike the public interface, this does NOT create an explicit event cluster boundary; it is up to the (internal) caller to determine whether that should done.

Otherwise, the comments for FlushBaskets applies.

Definition at line 5143 of file TTree.cxx.

GetAlias()

const char * TTree::GetAlias ( const char *  aliasName ) const

virtual

Returns the expanded value of the alias. Search in the friends if any.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 5223 of file TTree.cxx.

GetAllocationCount()

UInt_t TTree::GetAllocationCount ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 443 of file TTree.h.

GetAutoFlush()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetAutoFlush ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 447 of file TTree.h.

GetAutoSave()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetAutoSave ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 448 of file TTree.h.

GetBranch()

TBranch * TTree::GetBranch ( const char *  name )

virtual

Return pointer to the branch with the given name in this tree or its friends.

The search is done breadth first.

Reimplemented in TProofChain, and TChain.

Definition at line 5291 of file TTree.cxx.

GetBranchRef()

virtual TBranchRef * TTree::GetBranchRef ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 450 of file TTree.h.

GetBranchStatus()

Bool_t TTree::GetBranchStatus ( const char *  branchname ) const

virtual

Return status of branch with name branchname.

• 0 if branch is not activated
• 1 if branch is activated

Reimplemented in TProofChain, and TChain.

Definition at line 5377 of file TTree.cxx.

GetBranchStyle()

Int_t TTree::GetBranchStyle ( )

static

Static function returning the current branch style.

• style = 0 old Branch
• style = 1 new Bronch

Definition at line 5392 of file TTree.cxx.

GetCacheAutoSize()

Long64_t TTree::GetCacheAutoSize ( Bool_t  withDefault = kFALSE )

protected

Used for automatic sizing of the cache.

Estimates a suitable size for the tree cache based on AutoFlush. A cache sizing factor is taken from the configuration. If this yields zero and withDefault is true the historical algorithm for default size is used.

Definition at line 5404 of file TTree.cxx.

GetCacheSize()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetCacheSize ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 453 of file TTree.h.

GetChainEntryNumber()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetChainEntryNumber ( Long64_t  entry ) const

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 455 of file TTree.h.

GetChainOffset()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetChainOffset ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 456 of file TTree.h.

GetClusterIterator()

TTree::TClusterIterator TTree::GetClusterIterator ( Long64_t  firstentry )

virtual

Return an iterator over the cluster of baskets starting at firstentry.

This iterator is not yet supported for TChain object.

TTree::TClusterIterator clusterIter = tree->GetClusterIterator(entry);
Long64_t clusterStart;
while( (clusterStart = clusterIter()) < tree->GetEntries() ) {
   printf("The cluster starts at %lld and ends at %lld (inclusive)\n",clusterStart,clusterIter.GetNextEntry()-1);
}

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 5464 of file TTree.cxx.

GetClusterPrefetch()

virtual Bool_t TTree::GetClusterPrefetch ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 457 of file TTree.h.

GetCurrentFile()

TFile * TTree::GetCurrentFile

(

)

const

Return pointer to the current file.

Definition at line 5476 of file TTree.cxx.

GetDebugMax()

Long64_t TTree::GetDebugMax ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 460 of file TTree.h.

GetDebugMin()

Long64_t TTree::GetDebugMin ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 461 of file TTree.h.

GetDefaultEntryOffsetLen()

Int_t TTree::GetDefaultEntryOffsetLen ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 459 of file TTree.h.

GetDirectory()

TDirectory * TTree::GetDirectory ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 462 of file TTree.h.

GetEntries() [1/2]

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetEntries ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TProofChain, TChain, and TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 463 of file TTree.h.

GetEntries() [2/2]

Long64_t TTree::GetEntries ( const char *  selection )

virtual

Return the number of entries matching the selection.

Return -1 in case of errors.

If the selection uses any arrays or containers, we return the number of entries where at least one element match the selection. GetEntries is implemented using the selector class TSelectorEntries, which can be used directly (see code in TTreePlayer::GetEntries) for additional option. If SetEventList was used on the TTree or TChain, only that subset of entries will be considered.

Reimplemented in TProofChain, TChain, and TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 5496 of file TTree.cxx.

GetEntriesFast()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetEntriesFast ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 465 of file TTree.h.

GetEntriesFriend()

Long64_t TTree::GetEntriesFriend ( ) const

virtual

Return pointer to the 1st Leaf named name in any Branch of this Tree or any branch in the list of friend trees.

Definition at line 5509 of file TTree.cxx.

GetEntry()

Int_t TTree::GetEntry ( Long64_t  entry, Int_t  getall = 0  )

virtual

Read all branches of entry and return total number of bytes read.

• getall = 0 : get only active branches
• getall = 1 : get all branches

The function returns the number of bytes read from the input buffer. If entry does not exist the function returns 0. If an I/O error occurs, the function returns -1.

If the Tree has friends, also read the friends entry.

To activate/deactivate one or more branches, use TBranch::SetBranchStatus For example, if you have a Tree with several hundred branches, and you are interested only by branches named "a" and "b", do

mytree.SetBranchStatus("*",0); //disable all branches
mytree.SetBranchStatus("a",1);
mytree.SetBranchStatus("b",1);

when calling mytree.GetEntry(i); only branches "a" and "b" will be read.

WARNING!! If your Tree has been created in split mode with a parent branch "parent.",

mytree.SetBranchStatus("parent",1);

will not activate the sub-branches of "parent". You should do:

mytree.SetBranchStatus("parent*",1);

Without the trailing dot in the branch creation you have no choice but to call SetBranchStatus explicitly for each of the sub branches.

An alternative is to call directly

brancha.GetEntry(i)
branchb.GetEntry(i);

IMPORTANT NOTE

By default, GetEntry reuses the space allocated by the previous object for each branch. You can force the previous object to be automatically deleted if you call mybranch.SetAutoDelete(kTRUE) (default is kFALSE).

Example:

Consider the example in $ROOTSYS/test/Event.h The top level branch in the tree T is declared with:

Event *event = 0;  //event must be null or point to a valid object
                   //it must be initialized
T.SetBranchAddress("event",&event);

When reading the Tree, one can choose one of these 3 options:

OPTION 1

for (Long64_t i=0;i<nentries;i++) {
   T.GetEntry(i);
   // the object event has been filled at this point
}

The default (recommended). At the first entry an object of the class Event will be created and pointed by event. At the following entries, event will be overwritten by the new data. All internal members that are TObject* are automatically deleted. It is important that these members be in a valid state when GetEntry is called. Pointers must be correctly initialized. However these internal members will not be deleted if the characters "->" are specified as the first characters in the comment field of the data member declaration.

If "->" is specified, the pointer member is read via pointer->Streamer(buf). In this case, it is assumed that the pointer is never null (case of pointer TClonesArray *fTracks in the Event example). If "->" is not specified, the pointer member is read via buf >> pointer. In this case the pointer may be null. Note that the option with "->" is faster to read or write and it also consumes less space in the file.

OPTION 2

The option AutoDelete is set

TBranch *branch = T.GetBranch("event");
branch->SetAddress(&event);
branch->SetAutoDelete(kTRUE);
for (Long64_t i=0;i<nentries;i++) {
   T.GetEntry(i);
   // the object event has been filled at this point
}

In this case, at each iteration, the object event is deleted by GetEntry and a new instance of Event is created and filled.

OPTION 3

Same as option 1, but you delete yourself the event.
 
    for (Long64_t i=0;i<nentries;i++) {
       delete event;
       event = 0;  // EXTREMELY IMPORTANT
       T.GetEntry(i);
       // the object event has been filled at this point
    }

It is strongly recommended to use the default option 1. It has the additional advantage that functions like TTree::Draw (internally calling TTree::GetEntry) will be functional even when the classes in the file are not available.

Note: See the comments in TBranchElement::SetAddress() for the object ownership policy of the underlying (user) data.

Reimplemented in THbookTree, TChain, and TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 5635 of file TTree.cxx.

GetEntryList()

TEntryList * TTree::GetEntryList ( )

virtual

Returns the entry list assigned to this tree.

Definition at line 5851 of file TTree.cxx.

GetEntryNumber()

Long64_t TTree::GetEntryNumber ( Long64_t  entry ) const

virtual

Return entry number corresponding to entry.

if no TEntryList set returns entry else returns the entry number corresponding to the list index=entry

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 5862 of file TTree.cxx.

GetEntryNumberWithBestIndex()

Long64_t TTree::GetEntryNumberWithBestIndex ( Long64_t  major, Long64_t  minor = 0  ) const

virtual

Return entry number corresponding to major and minor number.

Note that this function returns only the entry number, not the data To read the data corresponding to an entry number, use TTree::GetEntryWithIndex the BuildIndex function has created a table of Long64_t* of sorted values corresponding to val = major<<31 + minor; The function performs binary search in this sorted table. If it finds a pair that matches val, it returns directly the index in the table. If an entry corresponding to major and minor is not found, the function returns the index of the major,minor pair immediately lower than the requested value, ie it will return -1 if the pair is lower than the first entry in the index.

See also GetEntryNumberWithIndex

Definition at line 5887 of file TTree.cxx.

GetEntryNumberWithIndex()

Long64_t TTree::GetEntryNumberWithIndex ( Long64_t  major, Long64_t  minor = 0  ) const

virtual

Return entry number corresponding to major and minor number.

Note that this function returns only the entry number, not the data To read the data corresponding to an entry number, use TTree::GetEntryWithIndex the BuildIndex function has created a table of Long64_t* of sorted values corresponding to val = major<<31 + minor; The function performs binary search in this sorted table. If it finds a pair that matches val, it returns directly the index in the table, otherwise it returns -1.

See also GetEntryNumberWithBestIndex

Definition at line 5907 of file TTree.cxx.

GetEntryWithIndex()

Int_t TTree::GetEntryWithIndex ( Int_t  major, Int_t  minor = 0  )

virtual

Read entry corresponding to major and minor number.

The function returns the total number of bytes read. If the Tree has friend trees, the corresponding entry with the index values (major,minor) is read. Note that the master Tree and its friend may have different entry serial numbers corresponding to (major,minor).

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 5924 of file TTree.cxx.

GetEstimate()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetEstimate ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 467 of file TTree.h.

GetEvent()

Int_t TTree::GetEvent ( Long64_t  entry, Int_t  getall = 0  )

inline

Definition at line 469 of file TTree.h.

GetEventList()

TEventList * TTree::GetEventList ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 473 of file TTree.h.

GetFileNumber()

virtual Int_t TTree::GetFileNumber ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 476 of file TTree.h.

GetFriend()

TTree * TTree::GetFriend ( const char *  friendname ) const

virtual

Return a pointer to the TTree friend whose name or alias is friendname.

Definition at line 5972 of file TTree.cxx.

GetFriendAlias()

const char * TTree::GetFriendAlias ( TTree *  tree ) const

virtual

If the 'tree' is a friend, this method returns its alias name.

This alias is an alternate name for the tree.

It can be used in conjunction with a branch or leaf name in a TTreeFormula, to specify in which particular tree the branch or leaf can be found if the friend trees have branches or leaves with the same name as the master tree.

It can also be used in conjunction with an alias created using TTree::SetAlias in a TTreeFormula, e.g.:

maintree->Draw("treealias.fPx - treealias.myAlias");

where fPx is a branch of the friend tree aliased as 'treealias' and 'myAlias' was created using TTree::SetAlias on the friend tree.

However, note that 'treealias.myAlias' will be expanded literally, without remembering that it comes from the aliased friend and thus the branch name might not be disambiguated properly, which means that you may not be able to take advantage of this feature.

Definition at line 6029 of file TTree.cxx.

GetHistogram()

TH1 * TTree::GetHistogram ( )

inline

Definition at line 479 of file TTree.h.

GetImplicitMT()

virtual Bool_t TTree::GetImplicitMT ( )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 480 of file TTree.h.

GetIndex()

virtual Int_t * TTree::GetIndex ( )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 481 of file TTree.h.

GetIndexValues()

virtual Double_t * TTree::GetIndexValues ( )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 482 of file TTree.h.

GetIOFeatures()

ROOT::TIOFeatures TTree::GetIOFeatures

(

)

const

Returns the current set of IO settings.

Definition at line 6071 of file TTree.cxx.

GetIteratorOnAllLeaves()

TIterator * TTree::GetIteratorOnAllLeaves ( Bool_t  dir = kIterForward )

virtual

Creates a new iterator that will go through all the leaves on the tree itself and its friend.

Definition at line 6079 of file TTree.cxx.

GetLeaf() [1/2]

TLeaf * TTree::GetLeaf ( const char *  branchname, const char *  leafname  )

virtual

Return pointer to the 1st Leaf named name in any Branch of this Tree or any branch in the list of friend trees.

The leaf name can contain the name of a friend tree with the syntax: friend_dir_and_tree.full_leaf_name the friend_dir_and_tree can be of the form:

TDirectoryName/TreeName 

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 6192 of file TTree.cxx.

GetLeaf() [2/2]

TLeaf * TTree::GetLeaf ( const char *  name )

virtual

Return pointer to first leaf named "name" in any branch of this tree or its friend trees.

Parameters

[in]

name

may be in the form 'branch/leaf'

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 6212 of file TTree.cxx.

GetLeafImpl()

TLeaf * TTree::GetLeafImpl ( const char *  branchname, const char *  leafname  )

protectedvirtual

Return pointer to the 1st Leaf named name in any Branch of this Tree or any branch in the list of friend trees.

The leaf name can contain the name of a friend tree with the syntax: friend_dir_and_tree.full_leaf_name the friend_dir_and_tree can be of the form:

TDirectoryName/TreeName

Definition at line 6095 of file TTree.cxx.

GetListOfAliases()

virtual TList * TTree::GetListOfAliases ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TProofChain.

Definition at line 491 of file TTree.h.

GetListOfBranches()

virtual TObjArray * TTree::GetListOfBranches ( )

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TProofChain, and TChain.

Definition at line 488 of file TTree.h.

GetListOfClones()

virtual TList * TTree::GetListOfClones ( )

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TProofChain.

Definition at line 487 of file TTree.h.

GetListOfFriends()

virtual TList * TTree::GetListOfFriends ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TProofChain.

Definition at line 490 of file TTree.h.

GetListOfLeaves()

virtual TObjArray * TTree::GetListOfLeaves ( )

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TProofChain, and TChain.

Definition at line 489 of file TTree.h.

GetMakeClass()

Int_t TTree::GetMakeClass ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 495 of file TTree.h.

GetMaxEntryLoop()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetMaxEntryLoop ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 497 of file TTree.h.

GetMaximum()

Double_t TTree::GetMaximum ( const char *  columname )

virtual

Return maximum of column with name columname.

if the Tree has an associated TEventList or TEntryList, the maximum is computed for the entries in this list.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 6232 of file TTree.cxx.

GetMaxTreeSize()

Long64_t TTree::GetMaxTreeSize ( )

static

Static function which returns the tree file size limit in bytes.

Definition at line 6262 of file TTree.cxx.

GetMaxVirtualSize()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetMaxVirtualSize ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 500 of file TTree.h.

GetMedianClusterSize()

Long64_t TTree::GetMedianClusterSize ( )

private

Estimate the median cluster size for the TTree.

This value provides e.g. a reasonable cache size default if other heuristics fail. Clusters with size 0 and the very last cluster range, that might not have been committed to fClusterSize yet, are ignored for the purposes of the calculation.

Definition at line 8289 of file TTree.cxx.

GetMinimum()

Double_t TTree::GetMinimum ( const char *  columname )

virtual

Return minimum of column with name columname.

if the Tree has an associated TEventList or TEntryList, the minimum is computed for the entries in this list.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 6272 of file TTree.cxx.

GetNbranches()

virtual Int_t TTree::GetNbranches ( )

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 502 of file TTree.h.

GetNewlineValue()

char TTree::GetNewlineValue ( std::istream &  inputStream )

protected

Determine which newline this file is using.

Return '\r' for Windows '\r\n' as that already terminates.

Definition at line 7585 of file TTree.cxx.

GetNotify()

TObject * TTree::GetNotify ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 503 of file TTree.h.

GetPacketSize()

virtual Int_t TTree::GetPacketSize ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 505 of file TTree.h.

GetPerfStats()

virtual TVirtualPerfStats * TTree::GetPerfStats ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 506 of file TTree.h.

GetPlayer()

TVirtualTreePlayer * TTree::GetPlayer

(

)

Load the TTreePlayer (if not already done).

Definition at line 6302 of file TTree.cxx.

GetReadCache() [1/2]

TTreeCache * TTree::GetReadCache

(

TFile *

file

)

const

Find and return the TTreeCache registered with the file and which may contain branches for us.

Definition at line 6315 of file TTree.cxx.

GetReadCache() [2/2]

TTreeCache * TTree::GetReadCache	(	TFile *	file,
		Bool_t	create
	)

Find and return the TTreeCache registered with the file and which may contain branches for us.

If create is true and there is no cache a new cache is created with default size.

Definition at line 6328 of file TTree.cxx.

GetReadEntry()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetReadEntry ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TProofChain, and TChain.

Definition at line 509 of file TTree.h.

GetReadEvent()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetReadEvent ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 510 of file TTree.h.

GetScanField()

virtual Int_t TTree::GetScanField ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 511 of file TTree.h.

GetSelect()

TTreeFormula * TTree::GetSelect ( )

inline

Definition at line 512 of file TTree.h.

GetSelectedRows()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetSelectedRows ( )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 513 of file TTree.h.

GetTargetMemoryRatio()

Float_t TTree::GetTargetMemoryRatio ( ) const

inline

Definition at line 520 of file TTree.h.

GetTimerInterval()

virtual Int_t TTree::GetTimerInterval ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 514 of file TTree.h.

GetTotBytes()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetTotBytes ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 516 of file TTree.h.

GetTransientBuffer()

TBuffer * TTree::GetTransientBuffer

(

Int_t

size

)

Returns the transient buffer currently used by this TTree for reading/writing baskets.

Definition at line 1037 of file TTree.cxx.

GetTree()

virtual TTree * TTree::GetTree ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 517 of file TTree.h.

GetTreeIndex()

virtual TVirtualIndex * TTree::GetTreeIndex ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 518 of file TTree.h.

GetTreeNumber()

virtual Int_t TTree::GetTreeNumber ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 519 of file TTree.h.

GetUpdate()

virtual Int_t TTree::GetUpdate ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 521 of file TTree.h.

GetUserInfo()

TList * TTree::GetUserInfo ( )

virtual

Return a pointer to the list containing user objects associated to this tree.

The list is automatically created if it does not exist.

WARNING: By default the TTree destructor will delete all objects added to this list. If you do not want these objects to be deleted, call:

mytree->GetUserInfo()->Clear();

before deleting the tree.

Definition at line 6353 of file TTree.cxx.

GetV1()

virtual Double_t * TTree::GetV1 ( )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 536 of file TTree.h.

GetV2()

virtual Double_t * TTree::GetV2 ( )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 538 of file TTree.h.

GetV3()

virtual Double_t * TTree::GetV3 ( )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 540 of file TTree.h.

GetV4()

virtual Double_t * TTree::GetV4 ( )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 542 of file TTree.h.

GetVal()

virtual Double_t * TTree::GetVal ( Int_t  i )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 534 of file TTree.h.

GetVar()

TTreeFormula * TTree::GetVar ( Int_t  i )

inline

Definition at line 524 of file TTree.h.

GetVar1()

TTreeFormula * TTree::GetVar1 ( )

inline

Definition at line 526 of file TTree.h.

GetVar2()

TTreeFormula * TTree::GetVar2 ( )

inline

Definition at line 528 of file TTree.h.

GetVar3()

TTreeFormula * TTree::GetVar3 ( )

inline

Definition at line 530 of file TTree.h.

GetVar4()

TTreeFormula * TTree::GetVar4 ( )

inline

Definition at line 532 of file TTree.h.

GetW()

virtual Double_t * TTree::GetW ( )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 543 of file TTree.h.

GetWeight()

virtual Double_t TTree::GetWeight ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 544 of file TTree.h.

GetZipBytes()

virtual Long64_t TTree::GetZipBytes ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 545 of file TTree.h.

ImportClusterRanges()

void TTree::ImportClusterRanges ( TTree *  fromtree )

protected

Appends the cluster range information stored in 'fromtree' to this tree, including the value of fAutoFlush.

This is used when doing a fast cloning (by TTreeCloner). See also fAutoFlush and fAutoSave if needed.

Definition at line 6369 of file TTree.cxx.

IncrementTotalBuffers()

virtual void TTree::IncrementTotalBuffers ( Int_t  nbytes )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 546 of file TTree.h.

InitializeBranchLists()

void TTree::InitializeBranchLists ( bool  checkLeafCount )

private

Divides the top-level branches into two vectors: (i) branches to be processed sequentially and (ii) branches to be processed in parallel.

Even if IMT is on, some branches might need to be processed first and in a sequential fashion: in the parallelization of GetEntry, those are the branches that store the size of another branch for every entry (e.g. the size of an array branch). If such branches were processed in parallel with the rest, there could be two threads invoking TBranch::GetEntry on one of them at the same time, since a branch that depends on a size (or count) branch will also invoke GetEntry on the latter. This method can be invoked several times during the event loop if the TTree is being written, for example when adding new branches. In these cases, the checkLeafCount parameter is false.

Parameters

[in]

checkLeafCount

True if we need to check whether some branches are count leaves.

Definition at line 5778 of file TTree.cxx.

InPlaceClone()

Bool_t TTree::InPlaceClone ( TDirectory *  newdirectory, const char *  options = ""  )

virtual

Copy the content to a new new file, update this TTree with the new location information and attach this TTree to the new directory.

options: Indicates a basket sorting method, see TTreeCloner::TTreeCloner for details

If new and old directory are in the same file, the data is untouched, this "just" does a call to SetDirectory. Equivalent to an "in place" cloning of the TTree.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 7009 of file TTree.cxx.

IsA()

TClass * TTree::IsA ( ) const

inlineoverridevirtual

Returns

TClass describing current object

Reimplemented from TNamed.

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 659 of file TTree.h.

IsFolder()

Bool_t TTree::IsFolder ( ) const

inlineoverridevirtual

Returns kTRUE in case object contains browsable objects (like containers or lists of other objects).

Reimplemented from TObject.

Definition at line 547 of file TTree.h.

KeepCircular()

void TTree::KeepCircular ( )

protectedvirtual

Keep a maximum of fMaxEntries in memory.

Definition at line 6412 of file TTree.cxx.

LoadBaskets()

Int_t TTree::LoadBaskets ( Long64_t  maxmemory = 2000000000 )

virtual

Read in memory all baskets from all branches up to the limit of maxmemory bytes.

If maxmemory is non null and positive SetMaxVirtualSize is called with this value. Default for maxmemory is 2000000000 (2 Gigabytes). The function returns the total number of baskets read into memory if negative an error occurred while loading the branches. This method may be called to force branch baskets in memory when random access to branch entries is required. If random access to only a few branches is required, you should call directly TBranch::LoadBaskets.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 6448 of file TTree.cxx.

LoadTree()

Long64_t TTree::LoadTree ( Long64_t  entry )

virtual

Set current entry.

Returns -2 if entry does not exist (just as TChain::LoadTree()). Returns -6 if an error occurs in the notification callback (just as TChain::LoadTree()).

Calls fNotify->Notify() (if fNotify is not null) when starting the processing of a new tree.

Note

This function is overloaded in TChain.

Reimplemented in TChain, and TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 6470 of file TTree.cxx.

LoadTreeFriend()

Long64_t TTree::LoadTreeFriend ( Long64_t  entry, TTree *  masterTree  )

virtual

Load entry on behalf of our master tree, we may use an index.

Called by LoadTree() when the masterTree looks for the entry number in a friend tree (us) corresponding to the passed entry number in the masterTree.

If we have no index, our entry number and the masterTree entry number are the same.

If we do have an index, we must find the (major, minor) value pair in masterTree to locate our corresponding entry.

Definition at line 6554 of file TTree.cxx.

MakeClass()

Int_t TTree::MakeClass ( const char *  classname = nullptr, Option_t *  option = ""  )

virtual

Generate a skeleton analysis class for this tree.

The following files are produced: classname.h and classname.C. If classname is 0, classname will be called "nameoftree".

The generated code in classname.h includes the following:

• Identification of the original tree and the input file name.
• Definition of an analysis class (data members and member functions).
• The following member functions:
  • constructor (by default opening the tree file),
  • GetEntry(Long64_t entry),
  • Init(TTree* tree) to initialize a new TTree,
  • Show(Long64_t entry) to read and dump entry.

The generated code in classname.C includes only the main analysis function Loop.

To use this function:

• Open your tree file (eg: TFile f("myfile.root");)
• T->MakeClass("MyClass");

where T is the name of the TTree in file myfile.root, and MyClass.h, MyClass.C the name of the files created by this function. In a ROOT session, you can do:

root > .L MyClass.C
root > MyClass* t = new MyClass;
root > t->GetEntry(12); // Fill data members of t with entry number 12.
root > t->Show();       // Show values of entry 12.
root > t->Show(16);     // Read and show values of entry 16.
root > t->Loop();       // Loop on all entries.

NOTE: Do not use the code generated for a single TTree which is part of a TChain to process that entire TChain. The maximum dimensions calculated for arrays on the basis of a single TTree from the TChain might be (will be!) too small when processing all of the TTrees in the TChain. You must use myChain.MakeClass() to generate the code, not myTree.MakeClass(...).

Definition at line 6604 of file TTree.cxx.

MakeCode()

Int_t TTree::MakeCode ( const char *  filename = nullptr )

virtual

Generate a skeleton function for this tree.

The function code is written on filename. If filename is 0, filename will be called nameoftree.C

The generated code includes the following:

• Identification of the original Tree and Input file name,
• Opening the Tree file,
• Declaration of Tree variables,
• Setting of branches addresses,
• A skeleton for the entry loop.

To use this function:

• Open your Tree file (eg: TFile f("myfile.root");)
• T->MakeCode("MyAnalysis.C");

where T is the name of the TTree in file myfile.root and MyAnalysis.C the name of the file created by this function.

NOTE: Since the implementation of this function, a new and better function TTree::MakeClass() has been developed.

Definition at line 6637 of file TTree.cxx.

MakeProxy()

Int_t TTree::MakeProxy ( const char *  proxyClassname, const char *  macrofilename = nullptr, const char *  cutfilename = nullptr, const char *  option = nullptr, Int_t  maxUnrolling = 3  )

virtual

Generate a skeleton analysis class for this Tree using TBranchProxy.

TBranchProxy is the base of a class hierarchy implementing an indirect access to the content of the branches of a TTree.

"proxyClassname" is expected to be of the form:

[path/]fileprefix

The skeleton will then be generated in the file:

fileprefix.h

located in the current directory or in 'path/' if it is specified. The class generated will be named 'fileprefix'

"macrofilename" and optionally "cutfilename" are expected to point to source files which will be included by the generated skeleton. Method of the same name as the file(minus the extension and path) will be called by the generated skeleton's Process method as follow:

[if (cutfilename())] htemp->Fill(macrofilename());

"option" can be used select some of the optional features during the code generation. The possible options are:

• nohist : indicates that the generated ProcessFill should not fill the histogram.

'maxUnrolling' controls how deep in the class hierarchy does the system 'unroll' classes that are not split. Unrolling a class allows direct access to its data members (this emulates the behavior of TTreeFormula).

The main features of this skeleton are:

• on-demand loading of branches
• ability to use the 'branchname' as if it was a data member
• protection against array out-of-bounds errors
• ability to use the branch data as an object (when the user code is available)

For example with Event.root, if

Double_t somePx = fTracks.fPx[2];

is executed by one of the method of the skeleton, somePx will updated with the current value of fPx of the 3rd track.

Both macrofilename and the optional cutfilename are expected to be the name of source files which contain at least a free standing function with the signature:

x_t macrofilename(); // i.e function with the same name as the file

and

y_t cutfilename();   // i.e function with the same name as the file

x_t and y_t needs to be types that can convert respectively to a double and a bool (because the skeleton uses:

if (cutfilename()) htemp->Fill(macrofilename());

These two functions are run in a context such that the branch names are available as local variables of the correct (read-only) type.

Note that if you use the same 'variable' twice, it is more efficient to 'cache' the value. For example:

Int_t n = fEventNumber; // Read fEventNumber
if (n<10 || n>10) { ... }

is more efficient than

if (fEventNumber<10 || fEventNumber>10)

Also, optionally, the generated selector will also call methods named macrofilename_methodname in each of 6 main selector methods if the method macrofilename_methodname exist (Where macrofilename is stripped of its extension).

Concretely, with the script named h1analysisProxy.C,

• The method calls the method (if it exist)
• Begin -> void h1analysisProxy_Begin(TTree*);
• SlaveBegin -> void h1analysisProxy_SlaveBegin(TTree*);
• Notify -> Bool_t h1analysisProxy_Notify();
• Process -> Bool_t h1analysisProxy_Process(Long64_t);
• SlaveTerminate -> void h1analysisProxy_SlaveTerminate();
• Terminate -> void h1analysisProxy_Terminate();

If a file name macrofilename.h (or .hh, .hpp, .hxx, .hPP, .hXX) exist it is included before the declaration of the proxy class. This can be used in particular to insure that the include files needed by the macro file are properly loaded.

The default histogram is accessible via the variable named 'htemp'.

If the library of the classes describing the data in the branch is loaded, the skeleton will add the needed include statements and give the ability to access the object stored in the branches.

To draw px using the file hsimple.root (generated by the hsimple.C tutorial), we need a file named hsimple.cxx:

double hsimple() {
   return px;
}

MakeProxy can then be used indirectly via the TTree::Draw interface as follow:

new TFile("hsimple.root")
ntuple->Draw("hsimple.cxx");

A more complete example is available in the tutorials directory: h1analysisProxy.cxx , h1analysProxy.h and h1analysisProxyCut.C which reimplement the selector found in h1analysis.C

Definition at line 6765 of file TTree.cxx.

MakeSelector()

Int_t TTree::MakeSelector ( const char *  selector = nullptr, Option_t *  option = ""  )

virtual

Generate skeleton selector class for this tree.

The following files are produced: selector.h and selector.C. If selector is 0, the selector will be called "nameoftree". The option can be used to specify the branches that will have a data member.

• If option is "=legacy", a pre-ROOT6 selector will be generated (data members and branch pointers instead of TTreeReaders).
• If option is empty, readers will be generated for each leaf.
• If option is "@", readers will be generated for the topmost branches.
• Individual branches can also be picked by their name:
  • "X" generates readers for leaves of X.
  • "@X" generates a reader for X as a whole.
  • "@X;Y" generates a reader for X as a whole and also readers for the leaves of Y.
• For further examples see the figure below.

The generated code in selector.h includes the following:

• Identification of the original Tree and Input file name
• Definition of selector class (data and functions)
• The following class functions:
  • constructor and destructor
  • void Begin(TTree *tree)
  • void SlaveBegin(TTree *tree)
  • void Init(TTree *tree)
  • Bool_t Notify()
  • Bool_t Process(Long64_t entry)
  • void Terminate()
  • void SlaveTerminate()

The class selector derives from TSelector. The generated code in selector.C includes empty functions defined above.

To use this function:

• connect your Tree file (eg: TFile f("myfile.root");)
• T->MakeSelector("myselect");

where T is the name of the Tree in file myfile.root and myselect.h, myselect.C the name of the files created by this function. In a ROOT session, you can do:

root > T->Process("myselect.C")

Definition at line 6819 of file TTree.cxx.

MarkEventCluster()

void TTree::MarkEventCluster ( )

private

Mark the previous event as being at the end of the event cluster.

So, if fEntries is set to 10 (and this is the first cluster) when MarkEventCluster is called, then the first cluster has 9 events.

Definition at line 8250 of file TTree.cxx.

MemoryFull()

Bool_t TTree::MemoryFull

(

Int_t

nbytes

)

Check if adding nbytes to memory we are still below MaxVirtualsize.

Definition at line 6834 of file TTree.cxx.

Merge() [1/2]

Long64_t TTree::Merge ( TCollection *  li, Option_t *  options = ""  )

virtual

Merge the trees in the TList into this tree.

Returns the total number of entries in the merged tree.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 6887 of file TTree.cxx.

Merge() [2/2]

Long64_t TTree::Merge ( TCollection *  li, TFileMergeInfo *  info  )

virtual

Merge the trees in the TList into this tree.

If info->fIsFirst is true, first we clone this TTree info the directory info->fOutputDirectory and then overlay the new TTree information onto this TTree object (so that this TTree object is now the appropriate to use for further merging).

Returns the total number of entries in the merged tree.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 6924 of file TTree.cxx.

MergeTrees()

TTree * TTree::MergeTrees ( TList *  li, Option_t *  options = ""  )

static

Static function merging the trees in the TList into a new tree.

Trees in the list can be memory or disk-resident trees. The new tree is created in the current directory (memory if gROOT).

Definition at line 6848 of file TTree.cxx.

MoveReadCache()

void TTree::MoveReadCache ( TFile *  src, TDirectory *  dir  )

protected

Move a cache from a file to the current file in dir.

if src is null no operation is done, if dir is null or there is no current file the cache is deleted.

Definition at line 6980 of file TTree.cxx.

Notify()

Bool_t TTree::Notify ( )

overridevirtual

Function called when loading a new class library.

Reimplemented from TObject.

Definition at line 7030 of file TTree.cxx.

operator=()

TTree & TTree::operator= ( const TTree &  tt )

delete

OptimizeBaskets()

void TTree::OptimizeBaskets ( ULong64_t  maxMemory = 10000000, Float_t  minComp = 1.1, Option_t *  option = ""  )

virtual

This function may be called after having filled some entries in a Tree.

Using the information in the existing branch buffers, it will reassign new branch buffer sizes to optimize time and memory.

The function computes the best values for branch buffer sizes such that the total buffer sizes is less than maxMemory and nearby entries written at the same time. In case the branch compression factor for the data written so far is less than compMin, the compression is disabled.

if option ="d" an analysis report is printed.

Definition at line 7054 of file TTree.cxx.

Principal()

TPrincipal * TTree::Principal	(	const char *	varexp = "",
		const char *	selection = "",
		Option_t *	option = "np",
		Long64_t	nentries = kMaxEntries,
		Long64_t	firstentry = 0
	)

Interface to the Principal Components Analysis class.

Create an instance of TPrincipal

Fill it with the selected variables

• if option "n" is specified, the TPrincipal object is filled with normalized variables.
• If option "p" is specified, compute the principal components
• If option "p" and "d" print results of analysis
• If option "p" and "h" generate standard histograms
• If option "p" and "c" generate code of conversion functions
• return a pointer to the TPrincipal object. It is the user responsibility
• to delete this object.
• The option default value is "np"

see TTree::Draw for explanation of the other parameters.

The created object is named "principal" and a reference to it is added to the list of specials Root objects. you can retrieve a pointer to the created object via:

TPrincipal *principal =
(TPrincipal*)gROOT->GetListOfSpecials()->FindObject("principal");

Definition at line 7197 of file TTree.cxx.

Print()

void TTree::Print ( Option_t *  option = "" ) const

overridevirtual

Print a summary of the tree contents.

• If option contains "all" friend trees are also printed.
• If option contains "toponly" only the top level branches are printed.
• If option contains "clusters" information about the cluster of baskets is printed.

Wildcarding can be used to print only a subset of the branches, e.g., T.Print("Elec*") will print all branches with name starting with "Elec".

Reimplemented from TNamed.

Definition at line 7216 of file TTree.cxx.

PrintCacheStats()

void TTree::PrintCacheStats ( Option_t *  option = "" ) const

virtual

Print statistics about the TreeCache for this tree.

Like:

******TreeCache statistics for file: cms2.root ******
Reading 73921562 bytes in 716 transactions
Average transaction = 103.242405 Kbytes
Number of blocks in current cache: 202, total size : 6001193

if option = "a" the list of blocks in the cache is printed

Definition at line 7367 of file TTree.cxx.

Process() [1/2]

Long64_t TTree::Process ( const char *  filename, Option_t *  option = "", Long64_t  nentries = kMaxEntries, Long64_t  firstentry = 0  )

virtual

Process this tree executing the TSelector code in the specified filename.

The return value is -1 in case of error and TSelector::GetStatus() in in case of success.

The code in filename is loaded (interpreted or compiled, see below), filename must contain a valid class implementation derived from TSelector, where TSelector has the following member functions:

• Begin(): called every time a loop on the tree starts, a convenient place to create your histograms.
• SlaveBegin(): called after Begin(), when on PROOF called only on the slave servers.
• Process(): called for each event, in this function you decide what to read and fill your histograms.
• SlaveTerminate: called at the end of the loop on the tree, when on PROOF called only on the slave servers.
• Terminate(): called at the end of the loop on the tree, a convenient place to draw/fit your histograms.

If filename is of the form file.C, the file will be interpreted.

If filename is of the form file.C++, the file file.C will be compiled and dynamically loaded.

If filename is of the form file.C+, the file file.C will be compiled and dynamically loaded. At next call, if file.C is older than file.o and file.so, the file.C is not compiled, only file.so is loaded.

NOTE1

It may be more interesting to invoke directly the other Process function accepting a TSelector* as argument.eg

MySelector *selector = (MySelector*)TSelector::GetSelector(filename);
selector->CallSomeFunction(..);
mytree.Process(selector,..);

NOTE2

One should not call this function twice with the same selector file in the same script. If this is required, proceed as indicated in NOTE1, by getting a pointer to the corresponding TSelector,eg

Workaround 1

void stubs1() {
   TSelector *selector = TSelector::GetSelector("h1test.C");
   TFile *f1 = new TFile("stubs_nood_le1.root");
   TTree *h1 = (TTree*)f1->Get("h1");
   h1->Process(selector);
   TFile *f2 = new TFile("stubs_nood_le1_coarse.root");
   TTree *h2 = (TTree*)f2->Get("h1");
   h2->Process(selector);
}

or use ACLIC to compile the selector

Workaround 2

void stubs2() {
   TFile *f1 = new TFile("stubs_nood_le1.root");
   TTree *h1 = (TTree*)f1->Get("h1");
   h1->Process("h1test.C+");
   TFile *f2 = new TFile("stubs_nood_le1_coarse.root");
   TTree *h2 = (TTree*)f2->Get("h1");
   h2->Process("h1test.C+");
}

Reimplemented in TChain, and TProofChain.

Definition at line 7447 of file TTree.cxx.

Process() [2/2]

Long64_t TTree::Process ( TSelector *  selector, Option_t *  option = "", Long64_t  nentries = kMaxEntries, Long64_t  firstentry = 0  )

virtual

Process this tree executing the code in the specified selector.

The return value is -1 in case of error and TSelector::GetStatus() in in case of success.

The TSelector class has the following member functions:

• Begin(): called every time a loop on the tree starts, a convenient place to create your histograms.
• SlaveBegin(): called after Begin(), when on PROOF called only on the slave servers.
• Process(): called for each event, in this function you decide what to read and fill your histograms.
• SlaveTerminate: called at the end of the loop on the tree, when on PROOF called only on the slave servers.

• Terminate(): called at the end of the loop on the tree, a convenient place to draw/fit your histograms.

  If the Tree (Chain) has an associated EventList, the loop is on the nentries of the EventList, starting at firstentry, otherwise the loop is on the specified Tree entries.

Reimplemented in TChain, and TProofChain.

Definition at line 7478 of file TTree.cxx.

Project()

Long64_t TTree::Project ( const char *  hname, const char *  varexp, const char *  selection = "", Option_t *  option = "", Long64_t  nentries = kMaxEntries, Long64_t  firstentry = 0  )

virtual

Make a projection of a tree using selections.

Depending on the value of varexp (described in Draw) a 1-D, 2-D, etc., projection of the tree will be filled in histogram hname. Note that the dimension of hname must match with the dimension of varexp.

Definition at line 7495 of file TTree.cxx.

Query()

TSQLResult * TTree::Query ( const char *  varexp = "", const char *  selection = "", Option_t *  option = "", Long64_t  nentries = kMaxEntries, Long64_t  firstentry = 0  )

virtual

Loop over entries and return a TSQLResult object containing entries following selection.

Definition at line 7510 of file TTree.cxx.

ReadFile()

Long64_t TTree::ReadFile ( const char *  filename, const char *  branchDescriptor = "", char  delimiter = ' '  )

virtual

Create or simply read branches from filename.

if branchDescriptor = "" (default), it is assumed that the Tree descriptor is given in the first line of the file with a syntax like

A/D:Table[2]/F:Ntracks/I:astring/C

otherwise branchDescriptor must be specified with the above syntax.

• If the type of the first variable is not specified, it is assumed to be "/F"
• If the type of any other variable is not specified, the type of the previous variable is assumed. eg
  • x:y:z (all variables are assumed of type "F")
  • x/D:y:z (all variables are of type "D")
  • x:y/D:z (x is type "F", y and z of type "D")

delimiter allows for the use of another delimiter besides whitespace. This provides support for direct import of common data file formats like csv. If delimiter != ' ' and branchDescriptor == "", then the branch description is taken from the first line in the file, but delimiter is used for the branch names tokenization rather than ':'. Note however that if the values in the first line do not use the /[type] syntax, all variables are assumed to be of type "F". If the filename ends with extensions .csv or .CSV and a delimiter is not specified (besides ' '), the delimiter is automatically set to ','.

Lines in the input file starting with "#" are ignored. Leading whitespace for each column data is skipped. Empty lines are skipped.

A TBranch object is created for each variable in the expression. The total number of rows read from the file is returned.

FILLING a TTree WITH MULTIPLE INPUT TEXT FILES

To fill a TTree with multiple input text files, proceed as indicated above for the first input file and omit the second argument for subsequent calls

T.ReadFile("file1.dat","branch descriptor");
T.ReadFile("file2.dat");

Definition at line 7561 of file TTree.cxx.

ReadStream()

Long64_t TTree::ReadStream ( std::istream &  inputStream, const char *  branchDescriptor = "", char  delimiter = ' '  )

virtual

Create or simply read branches from an input stream.

See also

reference information for TTree::ReadFile

Reimplemented in TNtuple, and TNtupleD.

Definition at line 7612 of file TTree.cxx.

RecursiveRemove()

void TTree::RecursiveRemove ( TObject *  obj )

overridevirtual

Make sure that obj (which is being deleted or will soon be) is no longer referenced by this TTree.

Reimplemented from TObject.

Definition at line 7878 of file TTree.cxx.

Refresh()

void TTree::Refresh ( )

virtual

Refresh contents of this tree and its branches from the current status on disk.

One can call this function in case the tree file is being updated by another process.

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 7913 of file TTree.cxx.

RegisterExternalFriend()

void TTree::RegisterExternalFriend ( TFriendElement *  fe )

virtual

Record a TFriendElement that we need to warn when the chain switches to a new file (typically this is because this chain is a friend of another TChain)

Definition at line 7954 of file TTree.cxx.

RemoveExternalFriend()

void TTree::RemoveExternalFriend ( TFriendElement *  fe )

virtual

Removes external friend.

Definition at line 7965 of file TTree.cxx.

RemoveFriend()

void TTree::RemoveFriend ( TTree *  oldFriend )

virtual

Remove a friend from the list of friends.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 7974 of file TTree.cxx.

Reset()

void TTree::Reset ( Option_t *  option = "" )

virtual

Reset baskets, buffers and entries count in all branches and leaves.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 8000 of file TTree.cxx.

ResetAfterMerge()

void TTree::ResetAfterMerge ( TFileMergeInfo *  info )

virtual

Resets the state of this TTree after a merge (keep the customization but forget the data).

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 8031 of file TTree.cxx.

ResetBranchAddress()

void TTree::ResetBranchAddress ( TBranch *  br )

virtual

Tell all of our branches to set their addresses to zero.

Note: If any of our branches own any objects, they are deleted.

Reimplemented in TChain, TNtuple, and TNtupleD.

Definition at line 8062 of file TTree.cxx.

ResetBranchAddresses()

void TTree::ResetBranchAddresses ( )

virtual

Tell all of our branches to drop their current objects and allocate new ones.

Reimplemented in TChain, TNtuple, and TNtupleD.

Definition at line 8072 of file TTree.cxx.

Scan()

Long64_t TTree::Scan ( const char *  varexp = "", const char *  selection = "", Option_t *  option = "", Long64_t  nentries = kMaxEntries, Long64_t  firstentry = 0  )

virtual

Loop over tree entries and print entries passing selection.

• If varexp is 0 (or "") then print only first 8 columns.
• If varexp = "*" print all columns.

Otherwise a columns selection can be made using "var1:var2:var3".

See also

TTreePlayer::Scan for more information

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 8091 of file TTree.cxx.

SetAlias()

Bool_t TTree::SetAlias ( const char *  aliasName, const char *  aliasFormula  )

virtual

Set a tree variable alias.

Set an alias for an expression/formula based on the tree 'variables'.

The content of 'aliasName' can be used in TTreeFormula (i.e. TTree::Draw, TTree::Scan, TTreeViewer) and will be evaluated as the content of 'aliasFormula'.

If the content of 'aliasFormula' only contains symbol names, periods and array index specification (for example event.fTracks[3]), then the content of 'aliasName' can be used as the start of symbol.

If the alias 'aliasName' already existed, it is replaced by the new value.

When being used, the alias can be preceded by an eventual 'Friend Alias' (see TTree::GetFriendAlias)

Return true if it was added properly.

For example:

tree->SetAlias("x1","(tdc1[1]-tdc1[0])/49");
tree->SetAlias("y1","(tdc1[3]-tdc1[2])/47");
tree->SetAlias("x2","(tdc2[1]-tdc2[0])/49");
tree->SetAlias("y2","(tdc2[3]-tdc2[2])/47");
tree->Draw("y2-y1:x2-x1");
 
tree->SetAlias("theGoodTrack","event.fTracks[3]");
tree->Draw("theGoodTrack.fPx"); // same as "event.fTracks[3].fPx"

Definition at line 8133 of file TTree.cxx.

SetAutoFlush()

void TTree::SetAutoFlush ( Long64_t  autof = -30000000 )

virtual

This function may be called at the start of a program to change the default value for fAutoFlush.

CASE 1 : autof > 0

autof is the number of consecutive entries after which TTree::Fill will flush all branch buffers to disk.

CASE 2 : autof < 0

When filling the Tree the branch buffers will be flushed to disk when more than autof bytes have been written to the file. At the first FlushBaskets TTree::Fill will replace fAutoFlush by the current value of fEntries.

Calling this function with autof<0 is interesting when it is hard to estimate the size of one entry. This value is also independent of the Tree.

The Tree is initialized with fAutoFlush=-30000000, ie that, by default, the first AutoFlush will be done when 30 MBytes of data are written to the file.

CASE 3 : autof = 0

The AutoFlush mechanism is disabled.

Flushing the buffers at regular intervals optimize the location of consecutive entries on the disk by creating clusters of baskets.

A cluster of baskets is a set of baskets that contains all the data for a (consecutive) set of entries and that is stored consecutively on the disk. When reading all the branches, this is the minimum set of baskets that the TTreeCache will read.

Definition at line 8188 of file TTree.cxx.

SetAutoSave()

void TTree::SetAutoSave ( Long64_t  autos = -300000000 )

virtual

In case of a program crash, it will be possible to recover the data in the tree up to the last AutoSave point.

This function may be called before filling a TTree to specify when the branch buffers and TTree header are flushed to disk as part of TTree::Fill(). The default is -300000000, ie the TTree will write data to disk once it exceeds 300 MBytes. CASE 1: If fAutoSave is positive the watermark is reached when a multiple of fAutoSave entries have been filled. CASE 2: If fAutoSave is negative the watermark is reached when -fAutoSave bytes can be written to the file. CASE 3: If fAutoSave is 0, AutoSave() will never be called automatically as part of TTree::Fill().

Definition at line 8334 of file TTree.cxx.

SetBasketSize()

void TTree::SetBasketSize ( const char *  bname, Int_t  buffsize = 16000  )

virtual

Set a branch's basket size.

bname is the name of a branch.

• if bname="*", apply to all branches.
• if bname="xxx*", apply to all branches with name starting with xxx

see TRegexp for wildcarding options buffsize = branc basket size

Definition at line 8350 of file TTree.cxx.

SetBranchAddress() [1/5]

template<class T >

Int_t TTree::SetBranchAddress ( const char *  bname, T **  add, TBranch **  ptr = nullptr  )

inline

Definition at line 588 of file TTree.h.

SetBranchAddress() [2/5]

template<class T >

Int_t TTree::SetBranchAddress ( const char *  bname, T *  add, TBranch **  ptr = nullptr  )

inline

Definition at line 597 of file TTree.h.

SetBranchAddress() [3/5]

Int_t TTree::SetBranchAddress ( const char *  bname, void *  addr, TBranch **  ptr, TClass *  ptrClass, EDataType  datatype, Bool_t  isptr  )

virtual

Verify the validity of the type of addr before calling SetBranchAddress.

See TTree::CheckBranchAddressType for the semantic of the return value.

Note: See the comments in TBranchElement::SetAddress() for the meaning of the addr parameter and the object ownership policy.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 8407 of file TTree.cxx.

SetBranchAddress() [4/5]

Int_t TTree::SetBranchAddress ( const char *  bname, void *  addr, TBranch **  ptr = nullptr  )

virtual

Change branch address, dealing with clone trees properly.

See TTree::CheckBranchAddressType for the semantic of the return value.

Note: See the comments in TBranchElement::SetAddress() for the meaning of the addr parameter and the object ownership policy.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 8377 of file TTree.cxx.

SetBranchAddress() [5/5]

Int_t TTree::SetBranchAddress ( const char *  bname, void *  addr, TClass *  ptrClass, EDataType  datatype, Bool_t  isptr  )

virtual

Verify the validity of the type of addr before calling SetBranchAddress.

See TTree::CheckBranchAddressType for the semantic of the return value.

Note: See the comments in TBranchElement::SetAddress() for the meaning of the addr parameter and the object ownership policy.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 8395 of file TTree.cxx.

SetBranchAddressImp()

Int_t TTree::SetBranchAddressImp ( TBranch *  branch, void *  addr, TBranch **  ptr  )

protected

Change branch address, dealing with clone trees properly.

See TTree::CheckBranchAddressType for the semantic of the return value.

Note: See the comments in TBranchElement::SetAddress() for the meaning of the addr parameter and the object ownership policy.

Definition at line 8437 of file TTree.cxx.

SetBranchStatus()

void TTree::SetBranchStatus ( const char *  bname, Bool_t  status = 1, UInt_t *  found = nullptr  )

virtual

Set branch status to Process or DoNotProcess.

When reading a Tree, by default, all branches are read. One can speed up considerably the analysis phase by activating only the branches that hold variables involved in a query.

bname is the name of a branch.

• if bname="*", apply to all branches.
• if bname="xxx*", apply to all branches with name starting with xxx

see TRegexp for wildcarding options

• status = 1 branch will be processed
• = 0 branch will not be processed

Example:

Assume a tree T with sub-branches a,b,c,d,e,f,g,etc.. when doing T.GetEntry(i) all branches are read for entry i. to read only the branches c and e, one can do

T.SetBranchStatus("*",0); //disable all branches
T.SetBranchStatus("c",1);
T.setBranchStatus("e",1);
T.GetEntry(i);

bname is interpreted as a wild-carded TRegexp (see TRegexp::MakeWildcard). Thus, "a*b" or "a.*b" matches branches starting with "a" and ending with "b", but not any other branch with an "a" followed at some point by a "b". For this second behavior, use "*a*b*". Note that TRegExp does not support '|', and so you cannot select, e.g. track and shower branches with "track|shower".

WARNING! WARNING! WARNING!

SetBranchStatus is matching the branch based on match of the branch 'name' and not on the branch hierarchy! In order to be able to selectively enable a top level object that is 'split' you need to make sure the name of the top level branch is prefixed to the sub-branches' name (by adding a dot ('.') at the end of the Branch creation and use the corresponding bname.

I.e If your Tree has been created in split mode with a parent branch "parent." (note the trailing dot).

T.SetBranchStatus("parent",1);

will not activate the sub-branches of "parent". You should do:

T.SetBranchStatus("parent*",1);

Without the trailing dot in the branch creation you have no choice but to call SetBranchStatus explicitly for each of the sub branches.

An alternative to this function is to read directly and only the interesting branches. Example:

TBranch *brc = T.GetBranch("c");
TBranch *bre = T.GetBranch("e");
brc->GetEntry(i);
bre->GetEntry(i);

If found is not 0, the number of branch(es) found matching the regular expression is returned in *found AND the error message 'unknown branch' is suppressed.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 8526 of file TTree.cxx.

SetBranchStyle()

void TTree::SetBranchStyle ( Int_t  style = 1 )

static

Set the current branch style.

(static function)

• style = 0 old Branch
• style = 1 new Bronch

Definition at line 8657 of file TTree.cxx.

SetCacheEntryRange()

Int_t TTree::SetCacheEntryRange ( Long64_t  first, Long64_t  last  )

virtual

interface to TTreeCache to set the cache entry range

Returns:

• 0 entry range set
• -1 on error

Definition at line 8818 of file TTree.cxx.

SetCacheLearnEntries()

void TTree::SetCacheLearnEntries ( Int_t  n = 10 )

virtual

Interface to TTreeCache to set the number of entries for the learning phase.

Definition at line 8852 of file TTree.cxx.

SetCacheSize()

Int_t TTree::SetCacheSize ( Long64_t  cacheSize = -1 )

virtual

Set maximum size of the file cache .

• if cachesize = 0 the existing cache (if any) is deleted.
• if cachesize = -1 (default) it is set to the AutoFlush value when writing the Tree (default is 30 MBytes).

Returns:

• 0 size set, cache was created if possible
• -1 on error

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 8673 of file TTree.cxx.

SetCacheSizeAux()

Int_t TTree::SetCacheSizeAux ( Bool_t  autocache = kTRUE, Long64_t  cacheSize = 0  )

protected

Set the size of the file cache and create it if possible.

If autocache is true: this may be an autocreated cache, possibly enlarging an existing autocreated cache. The size is calculated. The value passed in cacheSize:

• cacheSize = 0 make cache if default cache creation is enabled
• cacheSize = -1 make a default sized cache in any case

If autocache is false: this is a user requested cache. cacheSize is used to size the cache. This cache should never be automatically adjusted.

Returns:

• 0 size set, or existing autosized cache almost large enough. (cache was created if possible)
• -1 on error

Definition at line 8699 of file TTree.cxx.

SetChainOffset()

virtual void TTree::SetChainOffset ( Long64_t  offset = 0 )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 609 of file TTree.h.

SetCircular()

void TTree::SetCircular ( Long64_t  maxEntries )

virtual

Enable/Disable circularity for this tree.

if maxEntries > 0 a maximum of maxEntries is kept in one buffer/basket per branch in memory. Note that when this function is called (maxEntries>0) the Tree must be empty or having only one basket per branch. if maxEntries <= 0 the tree circularity is disabled.

NOTE 1:

Circular Trees are interesting in online real time environments to store the results of the last maxEntries events.

NOTE 2:

Calling SetCircular with maxEntries <= 0 is necessary before merging circular Trees that have been saved on files.

NOTE 3:

SetCircular with maxEntries <= 0 is automatically called by TChain::Merge

NOTE 4:

A circular Tree can still be saved in a file. When read back, it is still a circular Tree and can be filled again.

Definition at line 8879 of file TTree.cxx.

SetClusterPrefetch()

virtual void TTree::SetClusterPrefetch ( Bool_t  enabled )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 611 of file TTree.h.

SetDebug()

void TTree::SetDebug ( Int_t  level = 1, Long64_t  min = 0, Long64_t  max = 9999999  )

virtual

Set the debug level and the debug range.

For entries in the debug range, the functions TBranchElement::Fill and TBranchElement::GetEntry will print the number of bytes filled or read for each branch.

Reimplemented in TProofChain.

Definition at line 8915 of file TTree.cxx.

SetDefaultEntryOffsetLen()

void TTree::SetDefaultEntryOffsetLen ( Int_t  newdefault, Bool_t  updateExisting = kFALSE  )

virtual

Update the default value for the branch's fEntryOffsetLen.

If updateExisting is true, also update all the existing branches. If newdefault is less than 10, the new default value will be 10.

Definition at line 8927 of file TTree.cxx.

SetDirectory()

void TTree::SetDirectory ( TDirectory *  dir )

virtual

Change the tree's directory.

Remove reference to this tree from current directory and add reference to new directory dir. The dir parameter can be 0 in which case the tree does not belong to any directory.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 8953 of file TTree.cxx.

SetEntries()

Long64_t TTree::SetEntries ( Long64_t  n = -1 )

virtual

Change number of entries in the tree.

If n >= 0, set number of entries in the tree = n.

If n < 0, set number of entries in the tree to match the number of entries in each branch. (default for n is -1)

This function should be called only when one fills each branch independently via TBranch::Fill without calling TTree::Fill. Calling TTree::SetEntries() make sense only if the number of entries in each branch is identical, a warning is issued otherwise. The function returns the number of entries.

Reimplemented in THbookTree.

Definition at line 8998 of file TTree.cxx.

SetEntryList()

void TTree::SetEntryList ( TEntryList *  list, Option_t *  opt = ""  )

virtual

Set an EntryList.

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 9033 of file TTree.cxx.

SetEstimate()

void TTree::SetEstimate ( Long64_t  n = 1000000 )

virtual

Set number of entries to estimate variable limits.

If n is -1, the estimate is set to be the current maximum for the tree (i.e. GetEntries() + 1) If n is less than -1, the behavior is undefined.

Definition at line 9097 of file TTree.cxx.

SetEventList()

void TTree::SetEventList ( TEventList *  evlist )

virtual

This function transfroms the given TEventList into a TEntryList The new TEntryList is owned by the TTree and gets deleted when the tree is deleted.

This TEntryList can be returned by GetEntryList() function.

Reimplemented in TProofChain, and TChain.

Definition at line 9056 of file TTree.cxx.

SetFileNumber()

void TTree::SetFileNumber ( Int_t  number = 0 )

virtual

Set fFileNumber to number.

fFileNumber is used by TTree::Fill to set the file name for a new file to be created when the current file exceeds fgTreeMaxSize. (see TTree::ChangeFile) if fFileNumber=10, the new file name will have a suffix "_11", ie, fFileNumber is incremented before setting the file name

Definition at line 9140 of file TTree.cxx.

SetImplicitMT()

virtual void TTree::SetImplicitMT ( Bool_t  enabled )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 621 of file TTree.h.

SetIOFeatures()

ROOT::TIOFeatures TTree::SetIOFeatures

(

const ROOT::TIOFeatures &

features

)

Provide the end-user with the ability to enable/disable various experimental IO features for this TTree.

Returns all the newly-set IO settings.

Definition at line 9117 of file TTree.cxx.

SetMakeClass()

void TTree::SetMakeClass ( Int_t  make )

virtual

Set all the branches in this TTree to be in decomposed object mode (also known as MakeClass mode).

For MakeClass mode 0, the TTree expects the address where the data is stored to be set by either the user or the TTree to the address of a full object through the top level branch. For MakeClass mode 1, this address is expected to point to a numerical type or C-style array (variable or not) of numerical type, representing the primitive data members. The function's primary purpose is to allow the user to access the data directly with numerical type variable rather than having to have the original set of classes (or a reproduction thereof).

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 9164 of file TTree.cxx.

SetMaxEntryLoop()

virtual void TTree::SetMaxEntryLoop ( Long64_t  maxev = kMaxEntries )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 623 of file TTree.h.

SetMaxTreeSize()

void TTree::SetMaxTreeSize ( Long64_t  maxsize = 100000000000LL )

static

Set the maximum size in bytes of a Tree file (static function).

The default size is 100000000000LL, ie 100 Gigabytes.

In TTree::Fill, when the file has a size > fgMaxTreeSize, the function closes the current file and starts writing into a new file with a name of the style "file_1.root" if the original requested file name was "file.root".

Definition at line 9184 of file TTree.cxx.

SetMaxVirtualSize()

virtual void TTree::SetMaxVirtualSize ( Long64_t  size = 0 )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 625 of file TTree.h.

SetName()

void TTree::SetName ( const char *  name )

overridevirtual

Change the name of this tree.

Reimplemented from TNamed.

Definition at line 9192 of file TTree.cxx.

SetNotify()

void TTree::SetNotify ( TObject *  obj )

virtual

Sets the address of the object to be notified when the tree is loaded.

The method TObject::Notify is called for the given object when the tree is loaded. Specifically this occurs in the TTree::LoadTree method. To remove the notification call this method with nullptr:

tree->SetNotify(nullptr); 

If this is a TChain, obj is most often going to be a TNotifyLink.

Parameters

[in]

obj

Pointer to a TObject to be notified.

Definition at line 9218 of file TTree.cxx.

SetObject()

void TTree::SetObject ( const char *  name, const char *  title  )

virtual

Change the name and title of this tree.

Definition at line 9247 of file TTree.cxx.

SetParallelUnzip()

void TTree::SetParallelUnzip ( Bool_t  opt = kTRUE, Float_t  RelSize = -1  )

virtual

Enable or disable parallel unzipping of Tree buffers.

Definition at line 9278 of file TTree.cxx.

SetPerfStats()

void TTree::SetPerfStats ( TVirtualPerfStats *  perf )

virtual

Set perf stats.

Definition at line 9316 of file TTree.cxx.

SetScanField()

virtual void TTree::SetScanField ( Int_t  n = 50 )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 645 of file TTree.h.

SetTargetMemoryRatio()

void TTree::SetTargetMemoryRatio ( Float_t  ratio )

inline

Definition at line 646 of file TTree.h.

SetTimerInterval()

virtual void TTree::SetTimerInterval ( Int_t  msec = 333 )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 647 of file TTree.h.

SetTreeIndex()

void TTree::SetTreeIndex ( TVirtualIndex *  index )

virtual

The current TreeIndex is replaced by the new index.

Note that this function does not delete the previous index. This gives the possibility to play with more than one index, e.g.,

TVirtualIndex* oldIndex = tree.GetTreeIndex();
tree.SetTreeIndex(newIndex);
tree.Draw();
tree.SetTreeIndex(oldIndex);
tree.Draw(); etc

Definition at line 9333 of file TTree.cxx.

SetUpdate()

virtual void TTree::SetUpdate ( Int_t  freq = 0 )

inlinevirtual

Definition at line 650 of file TTree.h.

SetWeight()

void TTree::SetWeight ( Double_t  w = 1, Option_t *  option = ""  )

virtual

Set tree weight.

The weight is used by TTree::Draw to automatically weight each selected entry in the resulting histogram.

For example the equivalent of:

T.Draw("x", "w")

is:

T.SetWeight(w);
T.Draw("x");

This function is redefined by TChain::SetWeight. In case of a TChain, an option "global" may be specified to set the same weight for all trees in the TChain instead of the default behaviour using the weights of each tree in the chain (see TChain::SetWeight).

Reimplemented in TChain.

Definition at line 9361 of file TTree.cxx.

Show()

void TTree::Show ( Long64_t  entry = -1, Int_t  lenmax = 20  )

virtual

Print values of all active leaves for entry.

• if entry==-1, print current entry (default)
• if a leaf is an array, a maximum of lenmax elements is printed.

Definition at line 9372 of file TTree.cxx.

SortBranchesByTime()

void TTree::SortBranchesByTime ( )

private

Sorts top-level branches by the last average task time recorded per branch.

Definition at line 5831 of file TTree.cxx.

StartViewer()

void TTree::StartViewer ( )

virtual

Start the TTreeViewer on this tree.

• ww is the width of the canvas in pixels
• wh is the height of the canvas in pixels

Definition at line 9446 of file TTree.cxx.

StopCacheLearningPhase()

Int_t TTree::StopCacheLearningPhase ( )

virtual

Stop the cache learning phase.

Returns:

• 0 learning phase stopped or not active
• -1 on error

Definition at line 9461 of file TTree.cxx.

Streamer()

void TTree::Streamer ( TBuffer &  b )

overridevirtual

Stream a class object.

Reimplemented from TNamed.

Reimplemented in TTreeSQL.

Definition at line 9532 of file TTree.cxx.

StreamerNVirtual()

void TTree::StreamerNVirtual ( TBuffer &  ClassDef_StreamerNVirtual_b )

inline

Definition at line 659 of file TTree.h.

UnbinnedFit()

Int_t TTree::UnbinnedFit ( const char *  funcname, const char *  varexp, const char *  selection = "", Option_t *  option = "", Long64_t  nentries = kMaxEntries, Long64_t  firstentry = 0  )

virtual

Unbinned fit of one or more variable(s) from a tree.

funcname is a TF1 function.

See also

TTree::Draw for explanations of the other parameters.

Fit the variable varexp using the function funcname using the selection cuts given by selection.

The list of fit options is given in parameter option.

• option = "Q" Quiet mode (minimum printing)
• option = "V" Verbose mode (default is between Q and V)
• option = "E" Perform better Errors estimation using Minos technique
• option = "M" More. Improve fit results

You can specify boundary limits for some or all parameters via

func->SetParLimits(p_number, parmin, parmax);

if parmin>=parmax, the parameter is fixed

Note that you are not forced to fix the limits for all parameters. For example, if you fit a function with 6 parameters, you can do:

func->SetParameters(0,3.1,1.e-6,0.1,-8,100);
func->SetParLimits(4,-10,-4);
func->SetParLimits(5, 1,1);

With this setup:

• Parameters 0->3 can vary freely
• Parameter 4 has boundaries [-10,-4] with initial value -8
• Parameter 5 is fixed to 100.

For the fit to be meaningful, the function must be self-normalized.

i.e. It must have the same integral regardless of the parameter settings. Otherwise the fit will effectively just maximize the area.

It is mandatory to have a normalization variable which is fixed for the fit. e.g.

TF1* f1 = new TF1("f1", "gaus(0)/sqrt(2*3.14159)/[2]", 0, 5);
f1->SetParameters(1, 3.1, 0.01);
f1->SetParLimits(0, 1, 1); // fix the normalization parameter to 1
data->UnbinnedFit("f1", "jpsimass", "jpsipt>3.0");

1, 2 and 3 Dimensional fits are supported. See also TTree::Fit

Return status:

• The function return the status of the fit in the following form fitResult = migradResult + 10*minosResult + 100*hesseResult + 1000*improveResult
• The fitResult is 0 is the fit is OK.
• The fitResult is negative in case of an error not connected with the fit.
• The number of entries used in the fit can be obtained via mytree.GetSelectedRows();
• If the number of selected entries is null the function returns -1

Definition at line 9689 of file TTree.cxx.

UseCurrentStyle()

void TTree::UseCurrentStyle ( )

overridevirtual

Replace current attributes by current style.

Reimplemented from TObject.

Definition at line 9701 of file TTree.cxx.

Write() [1/2]

Int_t TTree::Write ( const char *  name = nullptr, Int_t  option = 0, Int_t  bufsize = 0  ) const

overridevirtual

Write this object to the current directory.

For more see TObject::Write If option & kFlushBasket, call FlushBasket before writing the tree.

Reimplemented from TObject.

Definition at line 9728 of file TTree.cxx.

Write() [2/2]

Int_t TTree::Write ( const char *  name = nullptr, Int_t  option = 0, Int_t  bufsize = 0  )

overridevirtual

Write this object to the current directory.

For more see TObject::Write If option & kFlushBasket, call FlushBasket before writing the tree.

Reimplemented from TObject.

Definition at line 9740 of file TTree.cxx.

Friends And Related Symbol Documentation

TChainIndex

friend class TChainIndex

friend

Definition at line 206 of file TTree.h.

TFriendLock

friend class TFriendLock

friend

Definition at line 203 of file TTree.h.

TTreeBranchImpRef

TBranch * TTreeBranchImpRef ( TTree *  tree, const char *  branchname, TClass *  ptrClass, EDataType  datatype, void *  addobj, Int_t  bufsize, Int_t  splitlevel  )

friend

TTreeCloner

friend class TTreeCloner

friend

Definition at line 208 of file TTree.h.

TTreeIndex

friend class TTreeIndex

friend

Definition at line 205 of file TTree.h.

Member Data Documentation

fAliases

TList* TTree::fAliases

protected

List of aliases for expressions based on the tree branches.

Definition at line 124 of file TTree.h.

fAllocationCount

std::atomic<UInt_t> TTree::fAllocationCount {0}

mutableprotected

indicates basket should be resized to exact memory usage, but causes significant

memory churn. ! Number of reallocations basket memory buffers.

Definition at line 152 of file TTree.h.

fAutoFlush

Long64_t TTree::fAutoFlush

protected

Auto-flush tree when fAutoFlush entries written or -fAutoFlush (compressed) bytes produced.

Definition at line 101 of file TTree.h.

fAutoSave

Long64_t TTree::fAutoSave

protected

Autosave tree when fAutoSave entries written or -fAutoSave (compressed) bytes produced.

Definition at line 100 of file TTree.h.

fBranches

TObjArray TTree::fBranches

protected

List of Branches.

Definition at line 122 of file TTree.h.

fBranchRef

TBranchRef* TTree::fBranchRef

protected

Branch supporting the TRefTable (if any)

Definition at line 136 of file TTree.h.

fCacheDoAutoInit

Bool_t TTree::fCacheDoAutoInit

protected

! true if cache auto creation or resize check is needed

Definition at line 139 of file TTree.h.

fCacheDoClusterPrefetch

Bool_t TTree::fCacheDoClusterPrefetch

protected

! true if cache is prefetching whole clusters

Definition at line 140 of file TTree.h.

fCacheSize

Long64_t TTree::fCacheSize

protected

! Maximum size of file buffers

Definition at line 105 of file TTree.h.

fCacheUserSet

Bool_t TTree::fCacheUserSet

protected

! true if the cache setting was explicitly given by user

Definition at line 141 of file TTree.h.

fChainOffset

Long64_t TTree::fChainOffset

protected

! Offset of 1st entry of this Tree in a TChain

Definition at line 106 of file TTree.h.

fClones

TList* TTree::fClones

protected

! List of cloned trees which share our addresses

Definition at line 135 of file TTree.h.

fClusterRangeEnd

Long64_t* TTree::fClusterRangeEnd

protected

[fNClusterRange] Last entry of a cluster range.

Definition at line 103 of file TTree.h.

fClusterSize

Long64_t* TTree::fClusterSize

protected

[fNClusterRange] Number of entries in each cluster for a given range.

Definition at line 104 of file TTree.h.

fDebug

Int_t TTree::fDebug

protected

! Debug level

Definition at line 111 of file TTree.h.

fDebugMax

Long64_t TTree::fDebugMax

protected

! Last entry number to debug

Definition at line 113 of file TTree.h.

fDebugMin

Long64_t TTree::fDebugMin

protected

! First entry number to debug

Definition at line 112 of file TTree.h.

fDefaultEntryOffsetLen

Int_t TTree::fDefaultEntryOffsetLen

protected

Initial Length of fEntryOffset table in the basket buffers.

Definition at line 94 of file TTree.h.

fDirectory

TDirectory* TTree::fDirectory

protected

! Pointer to directory holding this tree

Definition at line 121 of file TTree.h.

fEntries

Long64_t TTree::fEntries

protected

Number of entries.

Definition at line 84 of file TTree.h.

fEntryList

TEntryList* TTree::fEntryList

protected

! Pointer to event selection list (if one)

Definition at line 126 of file TTree.h.

fEstimate

Long64_t TTree::fEstimate

protected

Number of entries to estimate histogram limits.

Definition at line 102 of file TTree.h.

fEventList

TEventList* TTree::fEventList

protected

! Pointer to event selection list (if one)

Definition at line 125 of file TTree.h.

fExternalFriends

TList* TTree::fExternalFriends

protected

! List of TFriendsElement pointing to us and need to be notified of LoadTree. Content not owned.

Definition at line 131 of file TTree.h.

fFileNumber

Int_t TTree::fFileNumber

protected

! current file number (if file extensions)

Definition at line 116 of file TTree.h.

fFlushedBytes

Long64_t TTree::fFlushedBytes

protected

Number of auto-flushed bytes.

Definition at line 89 of file TTree.h.

fFriendLockStatus

UInt_t TTree::fFriendLockStatus

protected

! Record which method is locking the friend recursion

Definition at line 137 of file TTree.h.

fFriends

TList* TTree::fFriends

protected

pointer to list of friend elements

Definition at line 130 of file TTree.h.

fgBranchStyle

Int_t TTree::fgBranchStyle = 1

staticprotected

Old/New branch style.

Definition at line 154 of file TTree.h.

fgMaxTreeSize

Long64_t TTree::fgMaxTreeSize = 100000000000LL

staticprotected

Maximum size of a file containing a Tree.

Definition at line 155 of file TTree.h.

fIMTEnabled

Bool_t TTree::fIMTEnabled

protected

! true if implicit multi-threading is enabled for this tree

Definition at line 142 of file TTree.h.

fIMTFlush

Bool_t TTree::fIMTFlush {false}

mutableprivate

! True if we are doing a multithreaded flush.

Definition at line 159 of file TTree.h.

fIMTTotBytes

std::atomic<Long64_t> TTree::fIMTTotBytes

mutableprivate

! Total bytes for the IMT flush baskets

Definition at line 160 of file TTree.h.

fIMTZipBytes

std::atomic<Long64_t> TTree::fIMTZipBytes

mutableprivate

! Zip bytes for the IMT flush baskets.

Definition at line 161 of file TTree.h.

fIndex

TArrayI TTree::fIndex

protected

Index of sorted values.

Definition at line 128 of file TTree.h.

fIndexValues

TArrayD TTree::fIndexValues

protected

Sorted index values.

Definition at line 127 of file TTree.h.

fIOFeatures

TIOFeatures TTree::fIOFeatures {0}

protected

IO features to define for newly-written baskets and branches.

Definition at line 114 of file TTree.h.

fLeaves

TObjArray TTree::fLeaves

protected

Direct pointers to individual branch leaves.

Definition at line 123 of file TTree.h.

fMakeClass

Int_t TTree::fMakeClass

protected

! not zero when processing code generated by MakeClass

Definition at line 115 of file TTree.h.

fMaxClusterRange

Int_t TTree::fMaxClusterRange

protected

! Memory allocated for the cluster range.

Definition at line 96 of file TTree.h.

fMaxEntries

Long64_t TTree::fMaxEntries

protected

Maximum number of entries in case of circular buffers.

Definition at line 97 of file TTree.h.

fMaxEntryLoop

Long64_t TTree::fMaxEntryLoop

protected

Maximum number of entries to process.

Definition at line 98 of file TTree.h.

fMaxVirtualSize

Long64_t TTree::fMaxVirtualSize

protected

Maximum total size of buffers kept in memory.

Definition at line 99 of file TTree.h.

fNClusterRange

Int_t TTree::fNClusterRange

protected

Number of Cluster range in addition to the one defined by 'AutoFlush'.

Definition at line 95 of file TTree.h.

fNEntriesSinceSorting

UInt_t TTree::fNEntriesSinceSorting

protected

! Number of entries processed since the last re-sorting of branches

Definition at line 143 of file TTree.h.

fNfill

Int_t TTree::fNfill

protected

! Local for EntryLoop

Definition at line 110 of file TTree.h.

fNotify

TObject* TTree::fNotify

protected

Object to be notified when loading a Tree.

TTree::LoadTree() and TChain::LoadTree() will call fNotify->Notify(). Usually points to a TNotifyLink if this is a TChain.

Definition at line 120 of file TTree.h.

fPacketSize

Int_t TTree::fPacketSize

protected

! Number of entries in one packet for parallel root

Definition at line 109 of file TTree.h.

fPerfStats

TVirtualPerfStats* TTree::fPerfStats

protected

! pointer to the current perf stats object

Definition at line 132 of file TTree.h.

fPlayer

TVirtualTreePlayer* TTree::fPlayer

protected

! Pointer to current Tree player

Definition at line 134 of file TTree.h.

fReadEntry

Long64_t TTree::fReadEntry

protected

! Number of the entry being processed

Definition at line 107 of file TTree.h.

fSavedBytes

Long64_t TTree::fSavedBytes

protected

Number of autosaved bytes.

Definition at line 88 of file TTree.h.

fScanField

Int_t TTree::fScanField

protected

Number of runs before prompting in Scan.

Definition at line 92 of file TTree.h.

fSeqBranches

std::vector<TBranch*> TTree::fSeqBranches

protected

! Branches to be processed sequentially when IMT is on

Definition at line 145 of file TTree.h.

fSortedBranches

std::vector<std::pair<Long64_t,TBranch*> > TTree::fSortedBranches

protected

! Branches to be processed in parallel when IMT is on, sorted by average task time

Definition at line 144 of file TTree.h.

fTargetMemoryRatio

Float_t TTree::fTargetMemoryRatio {1.1f}

protected

! Ratio for memory usage in uncompressed buffers versus actual occupancy.

1.0

Definition at line 146 of file TTree.h.

fTimerInterval

Int_t TTree::fTimerInterval

protected

Timer interval in milliseconds.

Definition at line 91 of file TTree.h.

fTotalBuffers

std::atomic<Long64_t> TTree::fTotalBuffers

protected

! Total number of bytes in branch buffers

Definition at line 108 of file TTree.h.

fTotBytes

Long64_t TTree::fTotBytes

protected

Total number of bytes in all branches before compression.

Definition at line 86 of file TTree.h.

fTransientBuffer

TBuffer* TTree::fTransientBuffer

protected

! Pointer to the current transient buffer.

Definition at line 138 of file TTree.h.

fTreeIndex

TVirtualIndex* TTree::fTreeIndex

protected

Pointer to the tree Index (if any)

Definition at line 129 of file TTree.h.

fUpdate

Int_t TTree::fUpdate

protected

Update frequency for EntryLoop.

Definition at line 93 of file TTree.h.

fUserInfo

TList* TTree::fUserInfo

protected

pointer to a list of user objects associated to this Tree

Definition at line 133 of file TTree.h.

fWeight

Double_t TTree::fWeight

protected

Tree weight (see TTree::SetWeight)

Definition at line 90 of file TTree.h.

fZipBytes

Long64_t TTree::fZipBytes

protected

Total number of bytes in all branches after compression.

Definition at line 87 of file TTree.h.

kMaxEntries

constexpr Long64_t TTree::kMaxEntries = TVirtualTreePlayer::kMaxEntries

staticconstexpr

Definition at line 229 of file TTree.h.

Libraries for TTree:

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The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

• tree/tree/inc/TTree.h
• tree/tree/src/TTree.cxx