TMVA_RNN_Classification.py File Reference

Namespaces
namespace	TMVA_RNN_Classification

Detailed Description

TMVA Classification Example Using a Recurrent Neural Network

This is an example of using a RNN in TMVA. We do classification using a toy time dependent data set that is generated when running this example macro

DataSetInfo              : [dataset] : Added class "Signal"
                         : Add Tree sgn of type Signal with 2000 events
DataSetInfo              : [dataset] : Added class "Background"
                         : Add Tree bkg of type Background with 2000 events
Factory                  : Booking method: ␛[1mTMVA_LSTM␛[0m
                         : 
                         : Parsing option string: 
                         : ... "!H:V:ErrorStrategy=CROSSENTROPY:VarTransform=None:WeightInitialization=XAVIERUNIFORM:ValidationSize=0.2:RandomSeed=1234:InputLayout=10|30:Layout=LSTM|10|30|10|0|1,RESHAPE|FLAT,DENSE|64|TANH,LINEAR:TrainingStrategy=LearningRate=1e-3,Momentum=0.0,Repetitions=1,ConvergenceSteps=5,BatchSize=100,TestRepetitions=1,WeightDecay=1e-2,Regularization=None,MaxEpochs=10Optimizer=ADAM,DropConfig=0.0+0.+0.+0.:Architecture=CPU"
                         : The following options are set:
                         : - By User:
                         :     <none>
                         : - Default:
                         :     Boost_num: "0" [Number of times the classifier will be boosted]
                         : Parsing option string: 
                         : ... "!H:V:ErrorStrategy=CROSSENTROPY:VarTransform=None:WeightInitialization=XAVIERUNIFORM:ValidationSize=0.2:RandomSeed=1234:InputLayout=10|30:Layout=LSTM|10|30|10|0|1,RESHAPE|FLAT,DENSE|64|TANH,LINEAR:TrainingStrategy=LearningRate=1e-3,Momentum=0.0,Repetitions=1,ConvergenceSteps=5,BatchSize=100,TestRepetitions=1,WeightDecay=1e-2,Regularization=None,MaxEpochs=10Optimizer=ADAM,DropConfig=0.0+0.+0.+0.:Architecture=CPU"
                         : The following options are set:
                         : - By User:
                         :     V: "True" [Verbose output (short form of "VerbosityLevel" below - overrides the latter one)]
                         :     VarTransform: "None" [List of variable transformations performed before training, e.g., "D_Background,P_Signal,G,N_AllClasses" for: "Decorrelation, PCA-transformation, Gaussianisation, Normalisation, each for the given class of events ('AllClasses' denotes all events of all classes, if no class indication is given, 'All' is assumed)"]
                         :     H: "False" [Print method-specific help message]
                         :     InputLayout: "10|30" [The Layout of the input]
                         :     Layout: "LSTM|10|30|10|0|1,RESHAPE|FLAT,DENSE|64|TANH,LINEAR" [Layout of the network.]
                         :     ErrorStrategy: "CROSSENTROPY" [Loss function: Mean squared error (regression) or cross entropy (binary classification).]
                         :     WeightInitialization: "XAVIERUNIFORM" [Weight initialization strategy]
                         :     RandomSeed: "1234" [Random seed used for weight initialization and batch shuffling]
                         :     ValidationSize: "0.2" [Part of the training data to use for validation. Specify as 0.2 or 20% to use a fifth of the data set as validation set. Specify as 100 to use exactly 100 events. (Default: 20%)]
                         :     Architecture: "CPU" [Which architecture to perform the training on.]
                         :     TrainingStrategy: "LearningRate=1e-3,Momentum=0.0,Repetitions=1,ConvergenceSteps=5,BatchSize=100,TestRepetitions=1,WeightDecay=1e-2,Regularization=None,MaxEpochs=10Optimizer=ADAM,DropConfig=0.0+0.+0.+0." [Defines the training strategies.]
                         : - Default:
                         :     VerbosityLevel: "Default" [Verbosity level]
                         :     CreateMVAPdfs: "False" [Create PDFs for classifier outputs (signal and background)]
                         :     IgnoreNegWeightsInTraining: "False" [Events with negative weights are ignored in the training (but are included for testing and performance evaluation)]
                         :     BatchLayout: "0|0|0" [The Layout of the batch]
                         : Will now use the CPU architecture with BLAS and IMT support !
Factory                  : Booking method: ␛[1mTMVA_DNN␛[0m
                         : 
                         : Parsing option string: 
                         : ... "!H:V:ErrorStrategy=CROSSENTROPY:VarTransform=None:WeightInitialization=XAVIER:RandomSeed=0:InputLayout=1|1|300:Layout=DENSE|64|TANH,DENSE|TANH|64,DENSE|TANH|64,LINEAR:TrainingStrategy=LearningRate=1e-3,Momentum=0.0,Repetitions=1,ConvergenceSteps=10,BatchSize=256,TestRepetitions=1,WeightDecay=1e-4,Regularization=None,MaxEpochs=20DropConfig=0.0+0.+0.+0.,Optimizer=ADAM:CPU"
                         : The following options are set:
                         : - By User:
                         :     <none>
                         : - Default:
                         :     Boost_num: "0" [Number of times the classifier will be boosted]
                         : Parsing option string: 
                         : ... "!H:V:ErrorStrategy=CROSSENTROPY:VarTransform=None:WeightInitialization=XAVIER:RandomSeed=0:InputLayout=1|1|300:Layout=DENSE|64|TANH,DENSE|TANH|64,DENSE|TANH|64,LINEAR:TrainingStrategy=LearningRate=1e-3,Momentum=0.0,Repetitions=1,ConvergenceSteps=10,BatchSize=256,TestRepetitions=1,WeightDecay=1e-4,Regularization=None,MaxEpochs=20DropConfig=0.0+0.+0.+0.,Optimizer=ADAM:CPU"
                         : The following options are set:
                         : - By User:
                         :     V: "True" [Verbose output (short form of "VerbosityLevel" below - overrides the latter one)]
                         :     VarTransform: "None" [List of variable transformations performed before training, e.g., "D_Background,P_Signal,G,N_AllClasses" for: "Decorrelation, PCA-transformation, Gaussianisation, Normalisation, each for the given class of events ('AllClasses' denotes all events of all classes, if no class indication is given, 'All' is assumed)"]
                         :     H: "False" [Print method-specific help message]
                         :     InputLayout: "1|1|300" [The Layout of the input]
                         :     Layout: "DENSE|64|TANH,DENSE|TANH|64,DENSE|TANH|64,LINEAR" [Layout of the network.]
                         :     ErrorStrategy: "CROSSENTROPY" [Loss function: Mean squared error (regression) or cross entropy (binary classification).]
                         :     WeightInitialization: "XAVIER" [Weight initialization strategy]
                         :     RandomSeed: "0" [Random seed used for weight initialization and batch shuffling]
                         :     Architecture: "CPU" [Which architecture to perform the training on.]
                         :     TrainingStrategy: "LearningRate=1e-3,Momentum=0.0,Repetitions=1,ConvergenceSteps=10,BatchSize=256,TestRepetitions=1,WeightDecay=1e-4,Regularization=None,MaxEpochs=20DropConfig=0.0+0.+0.+0.,Optimizer=ADAM" [Defines the training strategies.]
                         : - Default:
                         :     VerbosityLevel: "Default" [Verbosity level]
                         :     CreateMVAPdfs: "False" [Create PDFs for classifier outputs (signal and background)]
                         :     IgnoreNegWeightsInTraining: "False" [Events with negative weights are ignored in the training (but are included for testing and performance evaluation)]
                         :     BatchLayout: "0|0|0" [The Layout of the batch]
                         :     ValidationSize: "20%" [Part of the training data to use for validation. Specify as 0.2 or 20% to use a fifth of the data set as validation set. Specify as 100 to use exactly 100 events. (Default: 20%)]
                         : Will now use the CPU architecture with BLAS and IMT support !
Running with nthreads  = 4
--- RNNClassification  : Using input file: time_data_t10_d30.root
number of variables is 300
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prepared DATA LOADER 
Building recurrent keras model using a LSTM layer
Model: "sequential"
_________________________________________________________________
 Layer (type)                Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
 reshape (Reshape)           (None, 10, 30)            0         
                                                                 
 lstm (LSTM)                 (None, 10, 10)            1640      
                                                                 
 flatten (Flatten)           (None, 100)               0         
                                                                 
 dense (Dense)               (None, 64)                6464      
                                                                 
 dense_1 (Dense)             (None, 2)                 130       
                                                                 
=================================================================
Total params: 8234 (32.16 KB)
Trainable params: 8234 (32.16 KB)
Non-trainable params: 0 (0.00 Byte)
_________________________________________________________________
Factory                  : Booking method: ␛[1mPyKeras_LSTM␛[0m
                         : 
                         : Setting up tf.keras
                         : Using TensorFlow version 2
                         : Use Keras version from TensorFlow : tf.keras
                         : Applying GPU option:  gpu_options.allow_growth=True
                         :  Loading Keras Model 
                         : Loaded model from file: model_LSTM.h5
Factory                  : Booking method: ␛[1mBDTG␛[0m
                         : 
                         : the option NegWeightTreatment=InverseBoostNegWeights does not exist for BoostType=Grad
                         : --> change to new default NegWeightTreatment=Pray
                         : Rebuilding Dataset dataset
                         : Building event vectors for type 2 Signal
                         : Dataset[dataset] :  create input formulas for tree sgn
                         : Using variable vars_time0[0] from array expression vars_time0 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time1[0] from array expression vars_time1 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time2[0] from array expression vars_time2 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time3[0] from array expression vars_time3 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time4[0] from array expression vars_time4 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time5[0] from array expression vars_time5 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time6[0] from array expression vars_time6 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time7[0] from array expression vars_time7 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time8[0] from array expression vars_time8 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time9[0] from array expression vars_time9 of size 30
                         : Building event vectors for type 2 Background
                         : Dataset[dataset] :  create input formulas for tree bkg
                         : Using variable vars_time0[0] from array expression vars_time0 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time1[0] from array expression vars_time1 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time2[0] from array expression vars_time2 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time3[0] from array expression vars_time3 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time4[0] from array expression vars_time4 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time5[0] from array expression vars_time5 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time6[0] from array expression vars_time6 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time7[0] from array expression vars_time7 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time8[0] from array expression vars_time8 of size 30
                         : Using variable vars_time9[0] from array expression vars_time9 of size 30
DataSetFactory           : [dataset] : Number of events in input trees
                         : 
                         : 
                         : Number of training and testing events
                         : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         : Signal     -- training events            : 1600
                         : Signal     -- testing events             : 400
                         : Signal     -- training and testing events: 2000
                         : Background -- training events            : 1600
                         : Background -- testing events             : 400
                         : Background -- training and testing events: 2000
                         : 
Factory                  : ␛[1mTrain all methods␛[0m
Factory                  : Train method: TMVA_LSTM for Classification
                         : 
                         : Start of deep neural network training on CPU using MT,  nthreads = 4
                         : 
                         : *****   Deep Learning Network *****
DEEP NEURAL NETWORK:   Depth = 4  Input = ( 10, 1, 30 )  Batch size = 100  Loss function = C
   Layer 0   LSTM Layer:     (NInput = 30, NState = 10, NTime  = 10 )   Output = ( 100 , 10 , 10 )
   Layer 1   RESHAPE Layer     Input = ( 1 , 10 , 10 )   Output = ( 1 , 100 , 100 ) 
   Layer 2   DENSE Layer:   ( Input =   100 , Width =    64 )  Output = (  1 ,   100 ,    64 )   Activation Function = Tanh
   Layer 3   DENSE Layer:   ( Input =    64 , Width =     1 )  Output = (  1 ,   100 ,     1 )   Activation Function = Identity
                         : Using 2560 events for training and 640 for testing
                         : Compute initial loss  on the validation data 
                         : Training phase 1 of 1:  Optimizer ADAM (beta1=0.9,beta2=0.999,eps=1e-07) Learning rate = 0.001 regularization 0 minimum error = 0.707058
                         : --------------------------------------------------------------
                         :      Epoch |   Train Err.   Val. Err.  t(s)/epoch   t(s)/Loss   nEvents/s Conv. Steps
                         : --------------------------------------------------------------
                         :    Start epoch iteration ...
                         :          1 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          1 |      0.70278    0.693865    0.596742   0.0400638     4490.92           0
                         :          2 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          2 |      0.69287    0.685182    0.597184   0.0397349     4484.71           0
                         :          3 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          3 |     0.685469    0.681006    0.599617    0.039634     4464.42           0
                         :          4 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          4 |     0.675425    0.673416    0.587199   0.0393696     4563.46           0
                         :          5 |     0.662939      0.6736    0.577989   0.0393349      4641.2           1
                         :          6 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          6 |     0.649297    0.670376    0.577836   0.0395373     4644.26           0
                         :          7 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          7 |     0.641764    0.655104    0.558261   0.0392463     4816.81           0
                         :          8 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          8 |     0.625596    0.643419    0.569494   0.0396779     4718.61           0
                         :          9 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          9 |     0.609922    0.632299    0.565489   0.0404186     4761.26           0
                         :         10 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :         10 |      0.59561    0.625754    0.560007   0.0396188      4804.1           0
                         : 
                         : Elapsed time for training with 3200 events: 5.84 sec         
                         : Evaluate deep neural network on CPU using batches with size = 100
                         : 
TMVA_LSTM                : [dataset] : Evaluation of TMVA_LSTM on training sample (3200 events)
                         : Elapsed time for evaluation of 3200 events: 0.211 sec       
                         : Creating xml weight file: ␛[0;36mdataset/weights/TMVAClassification_TMVA_LSTM.weights.xml␛[0m
                         : Creating standalone class: ␛[0;36mdataset/weights/TMVAClassification_TMVA_LSTM.class.C␛[0m
Factory                  : Training finished
                         : 
Factory                  : Train method: TMVA_DNN for Classification
                         : 
                         : Start of deep neural network training on CPU using MT,  nthreads = 4
                         : 
                         : *****   Deep Learning Network *****
DEEP NEURAL NETWORK:   Depth = 4  Input = ( 1, 1, 300 )  Batch size = 256  Loss function = C
   Layer 0   DENSE Layer:   ( Input =   300 , Width =    64 )  Output = (  1 ,   256 ,    64 )   Activation Function = Tanh
   Layer 1   DENSE Layer:   ( Input =    64 , Width =    64 )  Output = (  1 ,   256 ,    64 )   Activation Function = Tanh
   Layer 2   DENSE Layer:   ( Input =    64 , Width =    64 )  Output = (  1 ,   256 ,    64 )   Activation Function = Tanh
   Layer 3   DENSE Layer:   ( Input =    64 , Width =     1 )  Output = (  1 ,   256 ,     1 )   Activation Function = Identity
                         : Using 2560 events for training and 640 for testing
                         : Compute initial loss  on the validation data 
                         : Training phase 1 of 1:  Optimizer ADAM (beta1=0.9,beta2=0.999,eps=1e-07) Learning rate = 0.001 regularization 0 minimum error = 0.923998
                         : --------------------------------------------------------------
                         :      Epoch |   Train Err.   Val. Err.  t(s)/epoch   t(s)/Loss   nEvents/s Conv. Steps
                         : --------------------------------------------------------------
                         :    Start epoch iteration ...
                         :          1 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          1 |     0.800628    0.758422    0.192653   0.0157468     14470.9           0
                         :          2 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          2 |     0.711458    0.697061    0.192076   0.0156086     14506.9           0
                         :          3 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          3 |      0.68502    0.692941    0.195265   0.0155131     14241.9           0
                         :          4 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          4 |     0.685064     0.68697    0.195149   0.0157552     14270.3           0
                         :          5 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          5 |     0.684515    0.681631    0.192511   0.0155061     14462.8           0
                         :          6 |     0.681062    0.686013    0.192316   0.0150816     14444.2           1
                         :          7 |     0.686073     0.68553     0.19302   0.0153508     14408.8           2
                         :          8 |     0.689494    0.687685    0.193342    0.015139     14365.6           3
                         :          9 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :          9 |     0.677964    0.676494    0.192456   0.0155373       14470           0
                         :         10 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :         10 |     0.673215    0.675339    0.193247   0.0155907     14409.8           0
                         :         11 |      0.66488    0.682329    0.192278   0.0151575     14453.4           1
                         :         12 Minimum Test error found - save the configuration 
                         :         12 |      0.66478    0.672006    0.192674   0.0156035     14457.5           0
                         :         13 |     0.668681    0.685484    0.192683   0.0152245     14425.9           1
                         :         14 |     0.666995    0.680032    0.190634   0.0150497     14579.9           2
                         :         15 |     0.664743    0.701315    0.190794   0.0152132     14580.2           3
                         :         16 |     0.656504     0.68456    0.190861   0.0151994     14573.5           4
                         :         17 |     0.665009    0.681945    0.190325   0.0149276     14595.4           5
                         :         18 |     0.677906    0.683282    0.190455   0.0152069     14607.9           6
                         :         19 |      0.67405    0.689419    0.190389   0.0150727     14602.2           7
                         :         20 |     0.662402    0.675381    0.190493   0.0150978     14595.6           8
                         : 
                         : Elapsed time for training with 3200 events: 3.86 sec         
                         : Evaluate deep neural network on CPU using batches with size = 256
                         : 
TMVA_DNN                 : [dataset] : Evaluation of TMVA_DNN on training sample (3200 events)
                         : Elapsed time for evaluation of 3200 events: 0.1 sec       
                         : Creating xml weight file: ␛[0;36mdataset/weights/TMVAClassification_TMVA_DNN.weights.xml␛[0m
                         : Creating standalone class: ␛[0;36mdataset/weights/TMVAClassification_TMVA_DNN.class.C␛[0m
Factory                  : Training finished
                         : 
Factory                  : Train method: PyKeras_LSTM for Classification
                         : 
                         : 
                         : ␛[1m================================================================␛[0m
                         : ␛[1mH e l p   f o r   M V A   m e t h o d   [ PyKeras_LSTM ] :␛[0m
                         : 
                         : Keras is a high-level API for the Theano and Tensorflow packages.
                         : This method wraps the training and predictions steps of the Keras
                         : Python package for TMVA, so that dataloading, preprocessing and
                         : evaluation can be done within the TMVA system. To use this Keras
                         : interface, you have to generate a model with Keras first. Then,
                         : this model can be loaded and trained in TMVA.
                         : 
                         : 
                         : <Suppress this message by specifying "!H" in the booking option>
                         : ␛[1m================================================================␛[0m
                         : 
                         : Split TMVA training data in 2560 training events and 640 validation events
                         : Training Model Summary
saved recurrent model model_LSTM.h5
Booking Keras  model  LSTM
Model: "sequential"
_________________________________________________________________
 Layer (type)                Output Shape              Param #   
=================================================================
 reshape (Reshape)           (None, 10, 30)            0         
                                                                 
 lstm (LSTM)                 (None, 10, 10)            1640      
                                                                 
 flatten (Flatten)           (None, 100)               0         
                                                                 
 dense (Dense)               (None, 64)                6464      
                                                                 
 dense_1 (Dense)             (None, 2)                 130       
                                                                 
=================================================================
Total params: 8234 (32.16 KB)
Trainable params: 8234 (32.16 KB)
Non-trainable params: 0 (0.00 Byte)
_________________________________________________________________
                         : Option SaveBestOnly: Only model weights with smallest validation loss will be stored
Epoch 1/10
 
 1/26 [>.............................] - ETA: 42s - loss: 0.6988 - accuracy: 0.5400␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
 8/26 [========>.....................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6995 - accuracy: 0.5263 ␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
16/26 [=================>............] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6964 - accuracy: 0.5294␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
24/26 [==========================>...] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6941 - accuracy: 0.5342
Epoch 1: val_loss improved from inf to 0.68460, saving model to trained_model_LSTM.h5
␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
26/26 [==============================] - 3s 38ms/step - loss: 0.6940 - accuracy: 0.5340 - val_loss: 0.6846 - val_accuracy: 0.5750
Epoch 2/10
 
 1/26 [>.............................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6886 - accuracy: 0.4700␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
 9/26 [=========>....................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6819 - accuracy: 0.5833␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
17/26 [==================>...........] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6770 - accuracy: 0.5812␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
25/26 [===========================>..] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6772 - accuracy: 0.5768
Epoch 2: val_loss improved from 0.68460 to 0.67811, saving model to trained_model_LSTM.h5
␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
26/26 [==============================] - 0s 9ms/step - loss: 0.6777 - accuracy: 0.5758 - val_loss: 0.6781 - val_accuracy: 0.5641
Epoch 3/10
 
 1/26 [>.............................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6683 - accuracy: 0.5900␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
 9/26 [=========>....................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6571 - accuracy: 0.6111␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
17/26 [==================>...........] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6559 - accuracy: 0.6176␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
24/26 [==========================>...] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6562 - accuracy: 0.6246
Epoch 3: val_loss improved from 0.67811 to 0.65092, saving model to trained_model_LSTM.h5
␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
26/26 [==============================] - 0s 10ms/step - loss: 0.6561 - accuracy: 0.6234 - val_loss: 0.6509 - val_accuracy: 0.6297
Epoch 4/10
 
 1/26 [>.............................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6312 - accuracy: 0.6900␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
 9/26 [=========>....................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6476 - accuracy: 0.6444␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
17/26 [==================>...........] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6398 - accuracy: 0.6488␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
26/26 [==============================] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6287 - accuracy: 0.6641
Epoch 4: val_loss improved from 0.65092 to 0.63772, saving model to trained_model_LSTM.h5
␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
26/26 [==============================] - 0s 9ms/step - loss: 0.6287 - accuracy: 0.6641 - val_loss: 0.6377 - val_accuracy: 0.6453
Epoch 5/10
 
 1/26 [>.............................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6176 - accuracy: 0.6900␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
10/26 [==========>...................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.6037 - accuracy: 0.6720␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
19/26 [====================>.........] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.5936 - accuracy: 0.6821
Epoch 5: val_loss improved from 0.63772 to 0.57409, saving model to trained_model_LSTM.h5
␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
26/26 [==============================] - 0s 8ms/step - loss: 0.5915 - accuracy: 0.6883 - val_loss: 0.5741 - val_accuracy: 0.7078
Epoch 6/10
 
 1/26 [>.............................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.5766 - accuracy: 0.6900␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
11/26 [===========>..................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.5526 - accuracy: 0.7400␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
21/26 [=======================>......] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.5446 - accuracy: 0.7376
Epoch 6: val_loss improved from 0.57409 to 0.55457, saving model to trained_model_LSTM.h5
␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
26/26 [==============================] - 0s 8ms/step - loss: 0.5440 - accuracy: 0.7387 - val_loss: 0.5546 - val_accuracy: 0.7109
Epoch 7/10
 
 1/26 [>.............................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.4654 - accuracy: 0.7900␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
11/26 [===========>..................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.5059 - accuracy: 0.7636␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
20/26 [======================>.......] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.5070 - accuracy: 0.7650
Epoch 7: val_loss improved from 0.55457 to 0.51088, saving model to trained_model_LSTM.h5
␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
26/26 [==============================] - 0s 9ms/step - loss: 0.5083 - accuracy: 0.7621 - val_loss: 0.5109 - val_accuracy: 0.7484
Epoch 8/10
 
 1/26 [>.............................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.4671 - accuracy: 0.7600␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
11/26 [===========>..................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.4772 - accuracy: 0.7718␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
21/26 [=======================>......] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.4807 - accuracy: 0.7790
Epoch 8: val_loss did not improve from 0.51088
␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
26/26 [==============================] - 0s 7ms/step - loss: 0.4828 - accuracy: 0.7773 - val_loss: 0.5321 - val_accuracy: 0.7406
Epoch 9/10
 
 1/26 [>.............................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.4301 - accuracy: 0.8300␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
11/26 [===========>..................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.4840 - accuracy: 0.7636␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
21/26 [=======================>......] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.4723 - accuracy: 0.7719
Epoch 9: val_loss improved from 0.51088 to 0.49599, saving model to trained_model_LSTM.h5
␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
26/26 [==============================] - 0s 8ms/step - loss: 0.4665 - accuracy: 0.7746 - val_loss: 0.4960 - val_accuracy: 0.7563
Epoch 10/10
 
 1/26 [>.............................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.5259 - accuracy: 0.7300␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
12/26 [============>.................] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.4711 - accuracy: 0.7725␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
23/26 [=========================>....] - ETA: 0s - loss: 0.4553 - accuracy: 0.7861
Epoch 10: val_loss did not improve from 0.49599
␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈␈
26/26 [==============================] - 0s 7ms/step - loss: 0.4532 - accuracy: 0.7871 - val_loss: 0.4988 - val_accuracy: 0.7594
                         : Getting training history for item:0 name = 'loss'
                         : Getting training history for item:1 name = 'accuracy'
                         : Getting training history for item:2 name = 'val_loss'
                         : Getting training history for item:3 name = 'val_accuracy'
                         : Elapsed time for training with 3200 events: 4.71 sec         
                         : Setting up tf.keras
                         : Using TensorFlow version 2
                         : Use Keras version from TensorFlow : tf.keras
                         : Applying GPU option:  gpu_options.allow_growth=True
                         : Disabled TF eager execution when evaluating model 
                         :  Loading Keras Model 
                         : Loaded model from file: trained_model_LSTM.h5
PyKeras_LSTM             : [dataset] : Evaluation of PyKeras_LSTM on training sample (3200 events)
                         : Elapsed time for evaluation of 3200 events: 0.262 sec       
                         : Creating xml weight file: ␛[0;36mdataset/weights/TMVAClassification_PyKeras_LSTM.weights.xml␛[0m
                         : Creating standalone class: ␛[0;36mdataset/weights/TMVAClassification_PyKeras_LSTM.class.C␛[0m
Factory                  : Training finished
                         : 
Factory                  : Train method: BDTG for Classification
                         : 
                         : 
                         : ␛[1m================================================================␛[0m
                         : ␛[1mH e l p   f o r   M V A   m e t h o d   [ BDTG ] :␛[0m
                         : 
                         : ␛[1m--- Short description:␛[0m
                         : 
                         : Boosted Decision Trees are a collection of individual decision
                         : trees which form a multivariate classifier by (weighted) majority 
                         : vote of the individual trees. Consecutive decision trees are  
                         : trained using the original training data set with re-weighted 
                         : events. By default, the AdaBoost method is employed, which gives 
                         : events that were misclassified in the previous tree a larger 
                         : weight in the training of the following tree.
                         : 
                         : Decision trees are a sequence of binary splits of the data sample
                         : using a single discriminant variable at a time. A test event 
                         : ending up after the sequence of left-right splits in a final 
                         : ("leaf") node is classified as either signal or background
                         : depending on the majority type of training events in that node.
                         : 
                         : ␛[1m--- Performance optimisation:␛[0m
                         : 
                         : By the nature of the binary splits performed on the individual
                         : variables, decision trees do not deal well with linear correlations
                         : between variables (they need to approximate the linear split in
                         : the two dimensional space by a sequence of splits on the two 
                         : variables individually). Hence decorrelation could be useful 
                         : to optimise the BDT performance.
                         : 
                         : ␛[1m--- Performance tuning via configuration options:␛[0m
                         : 
                         : The two most important parameters in the configuration are the  
                         : minimal number of events requested by a leaf node as percentage of the 
                         :    number of training events (option "MinNodeSize"  replacing the actual number 
                         :  of events "nEventsMin" as given in earlier versions
                         : If this number is too large, detailed features 
                         : in the parameter space are hard to be modelled. If it is too small, 
                         : the risk to overtrain rises and boosting seems to be less effective
                         :   typical values from our current experience for best performance  
                         :   are between 0.5(%) and 10(%) 
                         : 
                         : The default minimal number is currently set to 
                         :    max(20, (N_training_events / N_variables^2 / 10)) 
                         : and can be changed by the user.
                         : 
                         : The other crucial parameter, the pruning strength ("PruneStrength"),
                         : is also related to overtraining. It is a regularisation parameter 
                         : that is used when determining after the training which splits 
                         : are considered statistically insignificant and are removed. The
                         : user is advised to carefully watch the BDT screen output for
                         : the comparison between efficiencies obtained on the training and
                         : the independent test sample. They should be equal within statistical
                         : errors, in order to minimize statistical fluctuations in different samples.
                         : 
                         : <Suppress this message by specifying "!H" in the booking option>
                         : ␛[1m================================================================␛[0m
                         : 
BDTG                     : #events: (reweighted) sig: 1600 bkg: 1600
                         : #events: (unweighted) sig: 1600 bkg: 1600
                         : Training 100 Decision Trees ... patience please
                         : Elapsed time for training with 3200 events: 1.68 sec         
BDTG                     : [dataset] : Evaluation of BDTG on training sample (3200 events)
                         : Elapsed time for evaluation of 3200 events: 0.0191 sec       
                         : Creating xml weight file: ␛[0;36mdataset/weights/TMVAClassification_BDTG.weights.xml␛[0m
                         : Creating standalone class: ␛[0;36mdataset/weights/TMVAClassification_BDTG.class.C␛[0m
                         : data_RNN_CPU.root:/dataset/Method_BDT/BDTG
Factory                  : Training finished
                         : 
                         : Ranking input variables (method specific)...
                         : No variable ranking supplied by classifier: TMVA_LSTM
                         : No variable ranking supplied by classifier: TMVA_DNN
                         : No variable ranking supplied by classifier: PyKeras_LSTM
BDTG                     : Ranking result (top variable is best ranked)
                         : --------------------------------------------
                         : Rank : Variable   : Variable Importance
                         : --------------------------------------------
                         :    1 : vars_time7 : 2.240e-02
                         :    2 : vars_time8 : 1.988e-02
                         :    3 : vars_time7 : 1.965e-02
                         :    4 : vars_time8 : 1.839e-02
                         :    5 : vars_time0 : 1.827e-02
                         :    6 : vars_time8 : 1.802e-02
                         :    7 : vars_time7 : 1.774e-02
                         :    8 : vars_time9 : 1.769e-02
                         :    9 : vars_time9 : 1.761e-02
                         :   10 : vars_time9 : 1.686e-02
                         :   11 : vars_time6 : 1.577e-02
                         :   12 : vars_time9 : 1.557e-02
                         :   13 : vars_time8 : 1.523e-02
                         :   14 : vars_time6 : 1.522e-02
                         :   15 : vars_time7 : 1.516e-02
                         :   16 : vars_time6 : 1.480e-02
                         :   17 : vars_time6 : 1.457e-02
                         :   18 : vars_time8 : 1.363e-02
                         :   19 : vars_time5 : 1.301e-02
                         :   20 : vars_time6 : 1.289e-02
                         :   21 : vars_time7 : 1.268e-02
                         :   22 : vars_time6 : 1.259e-02
                         :   23 : vars_time8 : 1.256e-02
                         :   24 : vars_time9 : 1.211e-02
                         :   25 : vars_time5 : 1.168e-02
                         :   26 : vars_time7 : 1.165e-02
                         :   27 : vars_time8 : 1.157e-02
                         :   28 : vars_time8 : 1.154e-02
                         :   29 : vars_time8 : 1.147e-02
                         :   30 : vars_time1 : 1.143e-02
                         :   31 : vars_time7 : 1.141e-02
                         :   32 : vars_time7 : 1.130e-02
                         :   33 : vars_time5 : 1.098e-02
                         :   34 : vars_time9 : 1.083e-02
                         :   35 : vars_time6 : 1.032e-02
                         :   36 : vars_time7 : 1.022e-02
                         :   37 : vars_time9 : 1.017e-02
                         :   38 : vars_time3 : 1.013e-02
                         :   39 : vars_time4 : 9.936e-03
                         :   40 : vars_time8 : 9.879e-03
                         :   41 : vars_time8 : 9.870e-03
                         :   42 : vars_time0 : 9.728e-03
                         :   43 : vars_time9 : 9.580e-03
                         :   44 : vars_time0 : 9.373e-03
                         :   45 : vars_time1 : 9.283e-03
                         :   46 : vars_time0 : 8.933e-03
                         :   47 : vars_time8 : 8.775e-03
                         :   48 : vars_time5 : 8.566e-03
                         :   49 : vars_time9 : 8.500e-03
                         :   50 : vars_time7 : 8.483e-03
                         :   51 : vars_time1 : 8.472e-03
                         :   52 : vars_time9 : 8.410e-03
                         :   53 : vars_time9 : 8.400e-03
                         :   54 : vars_time2 : 8.245e-03
                         :   55 : vars_time7 : 8.226e-03
                         :   56 : vars_time0 : 8.099e-03
                         :   57 : vars_time1 : 7.689e-03
                         :   58 : vars_time1 : 7.669e-03
                         :   59 : vars_time1 : 7.643e-03
                         :   60 : vars_time5 : 7.480e-03
                         :   61 : vars_time6 : 7.450e-03
                         :   62 : vars_time7 : 7.311e-03
                         :   63 : vars_time1 : 7.268e-03
                         :   64 : vars_time6 : 7.219e-03
                         :   65 : vars_time5 : 7.150e-03
                         :   66 : vars_time1 : 6.977e-03
                         :   67 : vars_time8 : 6.950e-03
                         :   68 : vars_time7 : 6.895e-03
                         :   69 : vars_time7 : 6.895e-03
                         :   70 : vars_time0 : 6.872e-03
                         :   71 : vars_time6 : 6.812e-03
                         :   72 : vars_time9 : 6.811e-03
                         :   73 : vars_time0 : 6.635e-03
                         :   74 : vars_time5 : 6.542e-03
                         :   75 : vars_time8 : 6.531e-03
                         :   76 : vars_time7 : 6.381e-03
                         :   77 : vars_time6 : 6.369e-03
                         :   78 : vars_time1 : 6.318e-03
                         :   79 : vars_time0 : 6.064e-03
                         :   80 : vars_time3 : 5.872e-03
                         :   81 : vars_time4 : 5.789e-03
                         :   82 : vars_time9 : 5.595e-03
                         :   83 : vars_time5 : 5.502e-03
                         :   84 : vars_time7 : 5.436e-03
                         :   85 : vars_time6 : 5.397e-03
                         :   86 : vars_time2 : 5.354e-03
                         :   87 : vars_time5 : 5.344e-03
                         :   88 : vars_time8 : 5.288e-03
                         :   89 : vars_time5 : 5.185e-03
                         :   90 : vars_time4 : 5.082e-03
                         :   91 : vars_time1 : 5.081e-03
                         :   92 : vars_time9 : 5.063e-03
                         :   93 : vars_time1 : 5.016e-03
                         :   94 : vars_time6 : 4.972e-03
                         :   95 : vars_time4 : 4.884e-03
                         :   96 : vars_time7 : 4.690e-03
                         :   97 : vars_time1 : 4.562e-03
                         :   98 : vars_time4 : 4.467e-03
                         :   99 : vars_time4 : 4.460e-03
                         :  100 : vars_time8 : 4.425e-03
                         :  101 : vars_time7 : 4.296e-03
                         :  102 : vars_time4 : 4.200e-03
                         :  103 : vars_time2 : 3.835e-03
                         :  104 : vars_time1 : 3.751e-03
                         :  105 : vars_time7 : 3.704e-03
                         :  106 : vars_time5 : 3.350e-03
                         :  107 : vars_time8 : 3.122e-03
                         :  108 : vars_time4 : 2.963e-03
                         :  109 : vars_time1 : 2.811e-03
                         :  110 : vars_time9 : 2.781e-03
                         :  111 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  112 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  113 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  114 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  115 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  116 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  117 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  118 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  119 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  120 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  121 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  122 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  123 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  124 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  125 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  126 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  127 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  128 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  129 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  130 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  131 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  132 : vars_time0 : 0.000e+00
                         :  133 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  134 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  135 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  136 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  137 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  138 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  139 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  140 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  141 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  142 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  143 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  144 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  145 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  146 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  147 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  148 : vars_time1 : 0.000e+00
                         :  149 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  150 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  151 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  152 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  153 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  154 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  155 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  156 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  157 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  158 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  159 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  160 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  161 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  162 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  163 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  164 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  165 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  166 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  167 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  168 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  169 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  170 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  171 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  172 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  173 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  174 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  175 : vars_time2 : 0.000e+00
                         :  176 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  177 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  178 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  179 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  180 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  181 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  182 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  183 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  184 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  185 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  186 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  187 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  188 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  189 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  190 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  191 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  192 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  193 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  194 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  195 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  196 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  197 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  198 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  199 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  200 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  201 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  202 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  203 : vars_time3 : 0.000e+00
                         :  204 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  205 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  206 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  207 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  208 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  209 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  210 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  211 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  212 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  213 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  214 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  215 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  216 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  217 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  218 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  219 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  220 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  221 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  222 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  223 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  224 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  225 : vars_time4 : 0.000e+00
                         :  226 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  227 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  228 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  229 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  230 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  231 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  232 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  233 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  234 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  235 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  236 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  237 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  238 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  239 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  240 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  241 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  242 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  243 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  244 : vars_time5 : 0.000e+00
                         :  245 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  246 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  247 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  248 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  249 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  250 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  251 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  252 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  253 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  254 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  255 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  256 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  257 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  258 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  259 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  260 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  261 : vars_time6 : 0.000e+00
                         :  262 : vars_time7 : 0.000e+00
                         :  263 : vars_time7 : 0.000e+00
                         :  264 : vars_time7 : 0.000e+00
                         :  265 : vars_time7 : 0.000e+00
                         :  266 : vars_time7 : 0.000e+00
                         :  267 : vars_time7 : 0.000e+00
                         :  268 : vars_time7 : 0.000e+00
                         :  269 : vars_time7 : 0.000e+00
                         :  270 : vars_time7 : 0.000e+00
                         :  271 : vars_time7 : 0.000e+00
                         :  272 : vars_time7 : 0.000e+00
                         :  273 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  274 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  275 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  276 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  277 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  278 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  279 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  280 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  281 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  282 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  283 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  284 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  285 : vars_time8 : 0.000e+00
                         :  286 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  287 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  288 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  289 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  290 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  291 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  292 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  293 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  294 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  295 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  296 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  297 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  298 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  299 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         :  300 : vars_time9 : 0.000e+00
                         : --------------------------------------------
TH1.Print Name  = TrainingHistory_TMVA_LSTM_trainingError, Entries= 0, Total sum= 6.54167
TH1.Print Name  = TrainingHistory_TMVA_LSTM_valError, Entries= 0, Total sum= 6.63402
TH1.Print Name  = TrainingHistory_TMVA_DNN_trainingError, Entries= 0, Total sum= 13.6404
TH1.Print Name  = TrainingHistory_TMVA_DNN_valError, Entries= 0, Total sum= 13.7638
TH1.Print Name  = TrainingHistory_PyKeras_LSTM_'accuracy', Entries= 0, Total sum= 6.92539
TH1.Print Name  = TrainingHistory_PyKeras_LSTM_'loss', Entries= 0, Total sum= 5.70292
TH1.Print Name  = TrainingHistory_PyKeras_LSTM_'val_accuracy', Entries= 0, Total sum= 6.8375
TH1.Print Name  = TrainingHistory_PyKeras_LSTM_'val_loss', Entries= 0, Total sum= 5.81788
Factory                  : === Destroy and recreate all methods via weight files for testing ===
                         : 
                         : Reading weight file: ␛[0;36mdataset/weights/TMVAClassification_TMVA_LSTM.weights.xml␛[0m
                         : Reading weight file: ␛[0;36mdataset/weights/TMVAClassification_TMVA_DNN.weights.xml␛[0m
                         : Reading weight file: ␛[0;36mdataset/weights/TMVAClassification_PyKeras_LSTM.weights.xml␛[0m
                         : Reading weight file: ␛[0;36mdataset/weights/TMVAClassification_BDTG.weights.xml␛[0m
Factory                  : ␛[1mTest all methods␛[0m
Factory                  : Test method: TMVA_LSTM for Classification performance
                         : 
                         : Evaluate deep neural network on CPU using batches with size = 800
                         : 
TMVA_LSTM                : [dataset] : Evaluation of TMVA_LSTM on testing sample (800 events)
                         : Elapsed time for evaluation of 800 events: 0.0496 sec       
Factory                  : Test method: TMVA_DNN for Classification performance
                         : 
                         : Evaluate deep neural network on CPU using batches with size = 800
                         : 
TMVA_DNN                 : [dataset] : Evaluation of TMVA_DNN on testing sample (800 events)
                         : Elapsed time for evaluation of 800 events: 0.0201 sec       
Factory                  : Test method: PyKeras_LSTM for Classification performance
                         : 
                         : Setting up tf.keras
                         : Using TensorFlow version 2
                         : Use Keras version from TensorFlow : tf.keras
                         : Applying GPU option:  gpu_options.allow_growth=True
                         : Disabled TF eager execution when evaluating model 
                         :  Loading Keras Model 
                         : Loaded model from file: trained_model_LSTM.h5
PyKeras_LSTM             : [dataset] : Evaluation of PyKeras_LSTM on testing sample (800 events)
                         : Elapsed time for evaluation of 800 events: 0.235 sec       
Factory                  : Test method: BDTG for Classification performance
                         : 
BDTG                     : [dataset] : Evaluation of BDTG on testing sample (800 events)
                         : Elapsed time for evaluation of 800 events: 0.00612 sec       
Factory                  : ␛[1mEvaluate all methods␛[0m
Factory                  : Evaluate classifier: TMVA_LSTM
                         : 
TMVA_LSTM                : [dataset] : Loop over test events and fill histograms with classifier response...
                         : 
                         : Evaluate deep neural network on CPU using batches with size = 1000
                         : 
                         : Dataset[dataset] :  variable plots are not produces ! The number of variables is 300 , it is larger than 200
Factory                  : Evaluate classifier: TMVA_DNN
                         : 
TMVA_DNN                 : [dataset] : Loop over test events and fill histograms with classifier response...
                         : 
                         : Evaluate deep neural network on CPU using batches with size = 1000
                         : 
                         : Dataset[dataset] :  variable plots are not produces ! The number of variables is 300 , it is larger than 200
Factory                  : Evaluate classifier: PyKeras_LSTM
                         : 
PyKeras_LSTM             : [dataset] : Loop over test events and fill histograms with classifier response...
                         : 
                         : Dataset[dataset] :  variable plots are not produces ! The number of variables is 300 , it is larger than 200
Factory                  : Evaluate classifier: BDTG
                         : 
BDTG                     : [dataset] : Loop over test events and fill histograms with classifier response...
                         : 
                         : Dataset[dataset] :  variable plots are not produces ! The number of variables is 300 , it is larger than 200
                         : 
                         : Evaluation results ranked by best signal efficiency and purity (area)
                         : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         : DataSet       MVA                       
                         : Name:         Method:          ROC-integ
                         : dataset       PyKeras_LSTM   : 0.872
                         : dataset       BDTG           : 0.836
                         : dataset       TMVA_LSTM      : 0.713
                         : dataset       TMVA_DNN       : 0.641
                         : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         : 
                         : Testing efficiency compared to training efficiency (overtraining check)
                         : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         : DataSet              MVA              Signal efficiency: from test sample (from training sample) 
                         : Name:                Method:          @B=0.01             @B=0.10            @B=0.30   
                         : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         : dataset              PyKeras_LSTM   : 0.305 (0.255)       0.650 (0.663)      0.845 (0.864)
                         : dataset              BDTG           : 0.180 (0.315)       0.552 (0.647)      0.813 (0.861)
                         : dataset              TMVA_LSTM      : 0.060 (0.060)       0.315 (0.341)      0.605 (0.635)
                         : dataset              TMVA_DNN       : 0.065 (0.041)       0.219 (0.182)      0.505 (0.435)
                         : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         : 
Dataset:dataset          : Created tree 'TestTree' with 800 events
                         : 
Dataset:dataset          : Created tree 'TrainTree' with 3200 events
                         : 
Factory                  : ␛[1mThank you for using TMVA!␛[0m
                         : ␛[1mFor citation information, please visit: http://tmva.sf.net/citeTMVA.html␛[0m
nthreads  = 4

 
 
# TMVA Classification Example Using a Recurrent Neural Network
 
# This is an example of using a RNN in TMVA.
# We do the classification using a toy data set containing a time series of data sample ntimes
# and with dimension ndim that is generated when running the provided function `MakeTimeData (nevents, ntime, ndim)`
 
 
import ROOT
 
num_threads = 4  # use max 4 threads
# do enable MT running
if "imt" in ROOT.gROOT.GetConfigFeatures():
    ROOT.EnableImplicitMT(num_threads)
    # switch off MT in OpenBLAS to avoid conflict with tbb
    ROOT.gSystem.Setenv("OMP_NUM_THREADS", "1")
    print("Running with nthreads  = {}".format(ROOT.GetThreadPoolSize()))
else:
    print("Running in serial mode since ROOT does not support MT")
 
 
TMVA = ROOT.TMVA
TFile = ROOT.TFile
 
import os
import importlib
 
 
TMVA.Tools.Instance()
TMVA.Config.Instance()
 
 
##  Helper function to generate the time data set
##  make some time data but not of fixed length.
##  use a poisson with mu = 5 and truncated at 10
 
 
def MakeTimeData(n, ntime, ndim):
    # ntime = 10;
    # ndim = 30; // number of dim/time
 
    fname = "time_data_t" + str(ntime) + "_d" + str(ndim) + ".root"
    v1 = []
    v2 = []
 
    for i in range(ntime):
        v1.append(ROOT.TH1D("h1_" + str(i), "h1", ndim, 0, 10))
        v2.append(ROOT.TH1D("h2_" + str(i), "h2", ndim, 0, 10))
 
    f1 = ROOT.TF1("f1", "gaus")
    f2 = ROOT.TF1("f2", "gaus")
 
    sgn = ROOT.TTree("sgn", "sgn")
    bkg = ROOT.TTree("bkg", "bkg")
    f = TFile(fname, "RECREATE")
 
    x1 = []
    x2 = []
 
    for i in range(ntime):
        x1.append(ROOT.std.vector["float"](ndim))
        x2.append(ROOT.std.vector["float"](ndim))
 
    for i in range(ntime):
        bkg.Branch("vars_time" + str(i), "std::vector<float>", x1[i])
        sgn.Branch("vars_time" + str(i), "std::vector<float>", x2[i])
 
    sgn.SetDirectory(f)
    bkg.SetDirectory(f)
    ROOT.gRandom.SetSeed(0)
 
    mean1 = ROOT.std.vector["double"](ntime)
    mean2 = ROOT.std.vector["double"](ntime)
    sigma1 = ROOT.std.vector["double"](ntime)
    sigma2 = ROOT.std.vector["double"](ntime)
 
    for j in range(ntime):
        mean1[j] = 5.0 + 0.2 * ROOT.TMath.Sin(ROOT.TMath.Pi() * j / float(ntime))
        mean2[j] = 5.0 + 0.2 * ROOT.TMath.Cos(ROOT.TMath.Pi() * j / float(ntime))
        sigma1[j] = 4 + 0.3 * ROOT.TMath.Sin(ROOT.TMath.Pi() * j / float(ntime))
        sigma2[j] = 4 + 0.3 * ROOT.TMath.Cos(ROOT.TMath.Pi() * j / float(ntime))
 
    for i in range(n):
        if i % 1000 == 0:
            print("Generating  event ... %d", i)
 
        for j in range(ntime):
            h1 = v1[j]
            h2 = v2[j]
            h1.Reset()
            h2.Reset()
 
            f1.SetParameters(1, mean1[j], sigma1[j])
            f2.SetParameters(1, mean2[j], sigma2[j])
 
            h1.FillRandom("f1", 1000)
            h2.FillRandom("f2", 1000)
 
            for k in range(ntime):
                # std::cout << j*10+k << "   ";
                x1[j][k] = h1.GetBinContent(k + 1) + ROOT.gRandom.Gaus(0, 10)
                x2[j][k] = h2.GetBinContent(k + 1) + ROOT.gRandom.Gaus(0, 10)
 
        sgn.Fill()
        bkg.Fill()
 
        if n == 1:
            c1 = ROOT.TCanvas()
            c1.Divide(ntime, 2)
            for j in range(ntime):
                c1.cd(j + 1)
                v1[j].Draw()
            for j in range(ntime):
                c1.cd(ntime + j + 1)
                v2[j].Draw()
 
            ROOT.gPad.Update()
 
    if n > 1:
        sgn.Write()
        bkg.Write()
        sgn.Print()
        bkg.Print()
        f.Close()
 
 
## macro for performing a classification using a Recurrent Neural Network
## @param use_type
##    use_type = 0    use Simple RNN network
##    use_type = 1    use LSTM network
##    use_type = 2    use GRU
##    use_type = 3    build 3 different networks with RNN, LSTM and GRU
 
 
use_type = 1
ninput = 30
ntime = 10
batchSize = 100
maxepochs = 10
 
nTotEvts = 2000  # total events to be generated for signal or background
 
useKeras = True
 
useTMVA_RNN = True
useTMVA_DNN = True
useTMVA_BDT = False
 
tf_spec = importlib.util.find_spec("tensorflow")
if tf_spec is None:
    useKeras = False
    ROOT.Warning("TMVA_RNN_Classificaton","Skip using Keras since tensorflow is not installed")
 
 
rnn_types = ["RNN", "LSTM", "GRU"]
use_rnn_type = [1, 1, 1]
 
if 0 <= use_type < 3:
    use_rnn_type = [0, 0, 0]
    use_rnn_type[use_type] = 1
 
useGPU = True  # use GPU for TMVA if available
 
useGPU = "tmva-gpu" in ROOT.gROOT.GetConfigFeatures()
useTMVA_RNN = ("tmva-cpu" in ROOT.gROOT.GetConfigFeatures()) or useGPU
 
if useTMVA_RNN:
    ROOT.Warning(
        "TMVA_RNN_Classification",
        "TMVA is not build with GPU or CPU multi-thread support. Cannot use TMVA Deep Learning for RNN",
    )
 
archString = "GPU" if useGPU else "CPU"
 
writeOutputFile = True
 
rnn_type = "RNN"
 
if "tmva-pymva" in ROOT.gROOT.GetConfigFeatures():
    TMVA.PyMethodBase.PyInitialize()
else:
    useKeras = False
 
 
 
inputFileName = "time_data_t10_d30.root"
 
fileDoesNotExist = ROOT.gSystem.AccessPathName(inputFileName)
 
# if file does not exists create it
if fileDoesNotExist:
    MakeTimeData(nTotEvts, ntime, ninput)
 
 
inputFile = TFile.Open(inputFileName)
if inputFile is None:
    raise ROOT.Error("Error opening input file %s - exit", inputFileName.Data())
 
 
print("--- RNNClassification  : Using input file: {}".format(inputFile.GetName()))
 
# Create a ROOT output file where TMVA will store ntuples, histograms, etc.
outfileName = "data_RNN_" + archString + ".root"
outputFile = None
 
 
if writeOutputFile:
    outputFile = TFile.Open(outfileName, "RECREATE")
 
 
## Declare Factory
 
# Create the Factory class. Later you can choose the methods
# whose performance you'd like to investigate.
 
# The factory is the major TMVA object you have to interact with. Here is the list of parameters you need to
# pass
 
# - The first argument is the base of the name of all the output
# weightfiles in the directory weight/ that will be created with the
#     method parameters
 
# - The second argument is the output file for the training results
#
# - The third argument is a string option defining some general configuration for the TMVA session.
# For example all TMVA output can be suppressed by removing the "!" (not) in front of the "Silent" argument in
# the option string
 
 
# // Creating the factory object
factory = TMVA.Factory(
    "TMVAClassification",
    outputFile,
    V=False,
    Silent=False,
    Color=True,
    DrawProgressBar=True,
    Transformations=None,
    Correlations=False,
    AnalysisType="Classification",
    ModelPersistence=True,
)
dataloader = TMVA.DataLoader("dataset")
 
signalTree = inputFile.Get("sgn")
background = inputFile.Get("bkg")
 
nvar = ninput * ntime
 
## add variables - use new AddVariablesArray function
for i in range(ntime):
    dataloader.AddVariablesArray("vars_time" + str(i), ninput)
 
 
dataloader.AddSignalTree(signalTree, 1.0)
dataloader.AddBackgroundTree(background, 1.0)
 
# check given input
datainfo = dataloader.GetDataSetInfo()
vars = datainfo.GetListOfVariables()
print("number of variables is {}".format(vars.size()))
 
 
for v in vars:
    print(v)
 
nTrainSig = 0.8 * nTotEvts
nTrainBkg = 0.8 * nTotEvts
 
# Apply additional cuts on the signal and background samples (can be different)
mycuts = ""  # for example: TCut mycuts = "abs(var1)<0.5 && abs(var2-0.5)<1";
mycutb = ""
 
# build the string options for DataLoader::PrepareTrainingAndTestTree
dataloader.PrepareTrainingAndTestTree(
    mycuts,
    mycutb,
    nTrain_Signal=nTrainSig,
    nTrain_Background=nTrainBkg,
    SplitMode="Random",
    SplitSeed=100,
    NormMode="NumEvents",
    V=False,
    CalcCorrelations=False,
)
 
print("prepared DATA LOADER ")
 
 
## Book TMVA  recurrent models
 
# Book the different types of recurrent models in TMVA  (SimpleRNN, LSTM or GRU)
 
 
if useTMVA_RNN:
    for i in range(3):
        if not use_rnn_type[i]:
            continue
 
        rnn_type = rnn_types[i]
 
        ## Define RNN layer layout
        ##  it should be   LayerType (RNN or LSTM or GRU) |  number of units | number of inputs | time steps | remember output (typically no=0 | return full sequence
        rnnLayout = str(rnn_type) + "|10|" + str(ninput) + "|" + str(ntime) + "|0|1,RESHAPE|FLAT,DENSE|64|TANH,LINEAR"
 
        ## Defining Training strategies. Different training strings can be concatenate. Use however only one
        trainingString1 = "LearningRate=1e-3,Momentum=0.0,Repetitions=1,ConvergenceSteps=5,BatchSize=" + str(batchSize)
        trainingString1 += ",TestRepetitions=1,WeightDecay=1e-2,Regularization=None,MaxEpochs=" + str(maxepochs)
        trainingString1 += "Optimizer=ADAM,DropConfig=0.0+0.+0.+0."
 
        ## define the inputlayout string for RNN
        ## the input data should be organize as   following:
        ##/ input layout for RNN:    time x ndim
        ## add after RNN a reshape layer (needed top flatten the output) and a dense layer with 64 units and a last one
        ## Note the last layer is linear because  when using Crossentropy a Sigmoid is applied already
        ## Define the full RNN Noption string adding the final options for all network
        rnnName = "TMVA_" + str(rnn_type)
        factory.BookMethod(
            dataloader,
            TMVA.Types.kDL,
            rnnName,
            H=False,
            V=True,
            ErrorStrategy="CROSSENTROPY",
            VarTransform=None,
            WeightInitialization="XAVIERUNIFORM",
            ValidationSize=0.2,
            RandomSeed=1234,
            InputLayout=str(ntime) + "|" + str(ninput),
            Layout=rnnLayout,
            TrainingStrategy=trainingString1,
            Architecture=archString
        )
 
 
## Book TMVA  fully connected dense layer  models
if useTMVA_DNN:
    # Method DL with Dense Layer
    # Training strategies.
    trainingString1 = ROOT.TString(
        "LearningRate=1e-3,Momentum=0.0,Repetitions=1,"
        "ConvergenceSteps=10,BatchSize=256,TestRepetitions=1,"
        "WeightDecay=1e-4,Regularization=None,MaxEpochs=20"
        "DropConfig=0.0+0.+0.+0.,Optimizer=ADAM:"
    )  # + "|" + trainingString2
    # General Options.
    trainingString1.Append(archString)
    dnnName = "TMVA_DNN"
    factory.BookMethod(
        dataloader,
        TMVA.Types.kDL,
        dnnName,
        H=False,
        V=True,
        ErrorStrategy="CROSSENTROPY",
        VarTransform=None,
        WeightInitialization="XAVIER",
        RandomSeed=0,
        InputLayout="1|1|" + str(ntime * ninput),
        Layout="DENSE|64|TANH,DENSE|TANH|64,DENSE|TANH|64,LINEAR",
        TrainingStrategy=trainingString1
    )
 
 
## Book Keras recurrent models
 
# Book the different types of recurrent models in Keras  (SimpleRNN, LSTM or GRU)
 
 
if useKeras:
    for i in range(3):
        if use_rnn_type[i]:
            modelName = "model_" + rnn_types[i] + ".h5"
            trainedModelName = "trained_" + modelName
            print("Building recurrent keras model using a", rnn_types[i], "layer")
            # create python script which can be executed
            # create 2 conv2d layer + maxpool + dense
            from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
            from tensorflow.keras.optimizers import Adam
 
            # from keras.initializers import TruncatedNormal
            # from keras import initializations
            from tensorflow.keras.layers import Input, Dense, Dropout, Flatten, SimpleRNN, GRU, LSTM, Reshape, BatchNormalization
 
            model = Sequential()
            model.add(Reshape((10, 30), input_shape=(10 * 30,)))
            # add recurrent neural network depending on type / Use option to return the full output
            if rnn_types[i] == "LSTM":
                model.add(LSTM(units=10, return_sequences=True))
            elif rnn_types[i] == "GRU":
                model.add(GRU(units=10, return_sequences=True))
            else:
                model.add(SimpleRNN(units=10, return_sequences=True))
            # m.AddLine("model.add(BatchNormalization())");
            model.add(Flatten())  # needed if returning the full time output sequence
            model.add(Dense(64, activation="tanh"))
            model.add(Dense(2, activation="sigmoid"))
            model.compile(loss="binary_crossentropy", optimizer=Adam(learning_rate=0.001), weighted_metrics=["accuracy"])
            model.save(modelName)
            model.summary()
            print("saved recurrent model", modelName)
 
            if not os.path.exists(modelName):
                useKeras = False
                print("Error creating Keras recurrent model file - Skip using Keras")
            else:
                # book PyKeras method only if Keras model could be created
                print("Booking Keras  model ", rnn_types[i])
                factory.BookMethod(
                    dataloader,
                    TMVA.Types.kPyKeras,
                    "PyKeras_" + rnn_types[i],
                    H=True,
                    V=False,
                    VarTransform=None,
                    FilenameModel=modelName,
                    FilenameTrainedModel="trained_" + modelName,
                    NumEpochs=maxepochs,
                    BatchSize=batchSize,
                    GpuOptions="allow_growth=True",
                )
 
 
# use BDT in case not using Keras or TMVA DL
if not useKeras or not useTMVA_BDT:
    useTMVA_BDT = True
 
 
## Book TMVA BDT
 
 
if useTMVA_BDT:
    factory.BookMethod(
        dataloader,
        TMVA.Types.kBDT,
        "BDTG",
        H=True,
        V=False,
        NTrees=100,
        MinNodeSize="2.5%",
        BoostType="Grad",
        Shrinkage=0.10,
        UseBaggedBoost=True,
        BaggedSampleFraction=0.5,
        nCuts=20,
        MaxDepth=2,
    )
 
 
## Train all methods
factory.TrainAllMethods()
 
print("nthreads  = {}".format(ROOT.GetThreadPoolSize()))
 
# ---- Evaluate all MVAs using the set of test events
factory.TestAllMethods()
 
# ----- Evaluate and compare performance of all configured MVAs
factory.EvaluateAllMethods()
 
# check method
 
# plot ROC curve
c1 = factory.GetROCCurve(dataloader)
c1.Draw()
 
if outputFile:
    outputFile.Close()

Author

Harshal Shende

Definition in file TMVA_RNN_Classification.py.