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TMath.h
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1// @(#)root/mathcore:$Id$
2// Authors: Rene Brun, Anna Kreshuk, Eddy Offermann, Fons Rademakers 29/07/95
3
4/*************************************************************************
5 * Copyright (C) 1995-2004, Rene Brun and Fons Rademakers. *
6 * All rights reserved. *
7 * *
8 * For the licensing terms see $ROOTSYS/LICENSE. *
9 * For the list of contributors see $ROOTSYS/README/CREDITS. *
10 *************************************************************************/
11
12#ifndef ROOT_TMath
13#define ROOT_TMath
14
15#include "Rtypes.h"
16#include "TMathBase.h"
17
18#include "TError.h"
19#include <algorithm>
20#include <limits>
21#include <cmath>
22
23////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
24///
25/// TMath
26///
27/// Encapsulate most frequently used Math functions.
28/// NB. The basic functions Min, Max, Abs and Sign are defined
29/// in TMathBase.
30
31namespace TMath {
32
33////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
34// Fundamental constants
35
36////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
37/// \f[ \pi\f]
38constexpr Double_t Pi()
39{
40 return 3.14159265358979323846;
41}
42
43////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
44/// \f[ 2\pi\f]
45constexpr Double_t TwoPi()
46{
47 return 2.0 * Pi();
48}
49
50////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
51/// \f[ \frac{\pi}{2} \f]
52constexpr Double_t PiOver2()
53{
54 return Pi() / 2.0;
55}
56
57////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
58/// \f[ \frac{\pi}{4} \f]
59constexpr Double_t PiOver4()
60{
61 return Pi() / 4.0;
62}
63
64////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
65/// \f$ \frac{1.}{\pi}\f$
66constexpr Double_t InvPi()
67{
68 return 1.0 / Pi();
69}
70
71////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
72/// Conversion from radian to degree:
73/// \f[ \frac{180}{\pi} \f]
74constexpr Double_t RadToDeg()
75{
76 return 180.0 / Pi();
77}
78
79////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
80/// Conversion from degree to radian:
81/// \f[ \frac{\pi}{180} \f]
82constexpr Double_t DegToRad()
83{
84 return Pi() / 180.0;
85}
86
87////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
88/// \f[ \sqrt{2} \f]
89constexpr Double_t Sqrt2()
90{
91 return 1.4142135623730950488016887242097;
92}
93
94////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
95/// Base of natural log:
96/// \f[ e \f]
97constexpr Double_t E()
98{
99 return 2.71828182845904523536;
100}
101
102////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
103/// Natural log of 10 (to convert log to ln)
104constexpr Double_t Ln10()
105{
106 return 2.30258509299404568402;
107}
108
109////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
110/// Base-10 log of e (to convert ln to log)
111constexpr Double_t LogE()
112{
113 return 0.43429448190325182765;
114}
115
116////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
117/// Velocity of light in \f$ m s^{-1} \f$
118constexpr Double_t C()
119{
120 return 2.99792458e8;
121}
122
123////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
124/// \f$ cm s^{-1} \f$
125constexpr Double_t Ccgs()
126{
127 return 100.0 * C();
128}
129
130////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
131/// Speed of light uncertainty.
133{
134 return 0.0;
135}
136
137////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
138/// Gravitational constant in: \f$ m^{3} kg^{-1} s^{-2} \f$
139constexpr Double_t G()
140{
141 return 6.673e-11;
142}
143
144////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
145/// \f$ cm^{3} g^{-1} s^{-2} \f$
146constexpr Double_t Gcgs()
147{
148 return G() / 1000.0;
149}
150
151////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
152/// Gravitational constant uncertainty.
154{
155 return 0.010e-11;
156}
157
158////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
159/// \f$ \frac{G}{\hbar C} \f$ in \f$ (GeV/c^{2})^{-2} \f$
160constexpr Double_t GhbarC()
161{
162 return 6.707e-39;
163}
164
165////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
166/// \f$ \frac{G}{\hbar C} \f$ uncertainty.
168{
169 return 0.010e-39;
170}
171
172////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
173/// Standard acceleration of gravity in \f$ m s^{-2} \f$
174constexpr Double_t Gn()
175{
176 return 9.80665;
177}
178
179////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
180/// Standard acceleration of gravity uncertainty.
182{
183 return 0.0;
184}
185
186////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
187/// Planck's constant in \f$ J s \f$
188/// \f[ h \f]
189constexpr Double_t H()
190{
191 return 6.62606876e-34;
192}
193
194////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
195/// \f$ erg s \f$
196constexpr Double_t Hcgs()
197{
198 return 1.0e7 * H();
199}
200
201////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
202/// Planck's constant uncertainty.
204{
205 return 0.00000052e-34;
206}
207
208////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
209/// \f$ \hbar \f$ in \f$ J s \f$
210/// \f[ \hbar = \frac{h}{2\pi} \f]
211constexpr Double_t Hbar()
212{
213 return 1.054571596e-34;
214}
215
216////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
217/// \f$ erg s \f$
218constexpr Double_t Hbarcgs()
219{
220 return 1.0e7 * Hbar();
221}
222
223////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
224/// \f$ \hbar \f$ uncertainty.
226{
227 return 0.000000082e-34;
228}
229
230////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
231/// \f$ hc \f$ in \f$ J m \f$
232constexpr Double_t HC()
233{
234 return H() * C();
235}
236
237////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
238/// \f$ erg cm \f$
239constexpr Double_t HCcgs()
240{
241 return Hcgs() * Ccgs();
242}
243
244////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
245/// Boltzmann's constant in \f$ J K^{-1} \f$
246/// \f[ k \f]
247constexpr Double_t K()
248{
249 return 1.3806503e-23;
250}
251
252////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
253/// \f$ erg K^{-1} \f$
254constexpr Double_t Kcgs()
255{
256 return 1.0e7 * K();
257}
258
259////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
260/// Boltzmann's constant uncertainty.
262{
263 return 0.0000024e-23;
264}
265
266////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
267/// Stefan-Boltzmann constant in \f$ W m^{-2} K^{-4}\f$
268/// \f[ \sigma \f]
269constexpr Double_t Sigma()
270{
271 return 5.6704e-8;
272}
273
274////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
275/// Stefan-Boltzmann constant uncertainty.
277{
278 return 0.000040e-8;
279}
280
281////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
282/// Avogadro constant (Avogadro's Number) in \f$ mol^{-1} \f$
283constexpr Double_t Na()
284{
285 return 6.02214199e+23;
286}
287
288////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
289/// Avogadro constant (Avogadro's Number) uncertainty.
291{
292 return 0.00000047e+23;
293}
294
295////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
296/// [Universal gas constant](http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/UniversalGasConstant.html)
297/// (\f$ Na K \f$) in \f$ J K^{-1} mol^{-1} \f$
298//
299constexpr Double_t R()
300{
301 return K() * Na();
302}
303
304////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
305/// Universal gas constant uncertainty.
307{
308 return R() * ((KUncertainty() / K()) + (NaUncertainty() / Na()));
309}
310
311////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
312/// [Molecular weight of dry air 1976 US Standard Atmosphere](http://atmos.nmsu.edu/jsdap/encyclopediawork.html)
313/// in \f$ kg kmol^{-1} \f$ or \f$ gm mol^{-1} \f$
314constexpr Double_t MWair()
315{
316 return 28.9644;
317}
318
319////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
320/// [Dry Air Gas Constant (R / MWair)](http://atmos.nmsu.edu/education_and_outreach/encyclopedia/gas_constant.htm)
321/// in \f$ J kg^{-1} K^{-1} \f$
322constexpr Double_t Rgair()
323{
324 return (1000.0 * R()) / MWair();
325}
326
327////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
328/// Euler-Mascheroni Constant.
330{
331 return 0.577215664901532860606512090082402431042;
332}
333
334////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
335/// Elementary charge in \f$ C \f$ .
336constexpr Double_t Qe()
337{
338 return 1.602176462e-19;
339}
340
341////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
342/// Elementary charge uncertainty.
344{
345 return 0.000000063e-19;
346}
347
348////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
349// Mathematical Functions
350
351////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
352// Trigonometrical Functions
353
354inline Double_t Sin(Double_t);
355inline Double_t Cos(Double_t);
356inline Double_t Tan(Double_t);
357inline Double_t SinH(Double_t);
358inline Double_t CosH(Double_t);
359inline Double_t TanH(Double_t);
360inline Double_t ASin(Double_t);
361inline Double_t ACos(Double_t);
362inline Double_t ATan(Double_t);
368
369////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
370// Elementary Functions
371
372inline Double_t Ceil(Double_t x);
373inline Int_t CeilNint(Double_t x);
374inline Double_t Floor(Double_t x);
375inline Int_t FloorNint(Double_t x);
376template <typename T>
377inline Int_t Nint(T x);
378
379inline Double_t Sq(Double_t x);
380inline Double_t Sqrt(Double_t x);
381inline Double_t Exp(Double_t x);
388inline Double_t Power(Double_t x, Int_t y);
389inline Double_t Log(Double_t x);
391inline Double_t Log10(Double_t x);
392inline Int_t Finite(Double_t x);
393inline Int_t Finite(Float_t x);
394inline Bool_t IsNaN(Double_t x);
395inline Bool_t IsNaN(Float_t x);
396
397inline Double_t QuietNaN();
398inline Double_t SignalingNaN();
399inline Double_t Infinity();
400
401template <typename T>
402struct Limits {
403 inline static T Min();
404 inline static T Max();
405 inline static T Epsilon();
406 };
407
408 // Some integer math
409 Long_t Hypot(Long_t x, Long_t y); // sqrt(px*px + py*py)
410
411 // Comparing floating points
413 //return kTRUE if absolute difference between af and bf is less than epsilon
414 return TMath::Abs(af-bf) < epsilon ||
415 TMath::Abs(af - bf) < Limits<Double_t>::Min(); // handle 0 < 0 case
416
417 }
418 inline Bool_t AreEqualRel(Double_t af, Double_t bf, Double_t relPrec) {
419 //return kTRUE if relative difference between af and bf is less than relPrec
420 return TMath::Abs(af - bf) <= 0.5 * relPrec * (TMath::Abs(af) + TMath::Abs(bf)) ||
421 TMath::Abs(af - bf) < Limits<Double_t>::Min(); // handle denormals
422 }
423
424 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
425 // Array Algorithms
426
427 // Min, Max of an array
428 template <typename T> T MinElement(Long64_t n, const T *a);
429 template <typename T> T MaxElement(Long64_t n, const T *a);
430
431 // Locate Min, Max element number in an array
432 template <typename T> Long64_t LocMin(Long64_t n, const T *a);
433 template <typename Iterator> Iterator LocMin(Iterator first, Iterator last);
434 template <typename T> Long64_t LocMax(Long64_t n, const T *a);
435 template <typename Iterator> Iterator LocMax(Iterator first, Iterator last);
436
437 // Hashing
438 ULong_t Hash(const void *txt, Int_t ntxt);
439 ULong_t Hash(const char *str);
440
441 void BubbleHigh(Int_t Narr, Double_t *arr1, Int_t *arr2);
442 void BubbleLow (Int_t Narr, Double_t *arr1, Int_t *arr2);
443
444 Bool_t Permute(Int_t n, Int_t *a); // Find permutations
445
446 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
447 // Geometrical Functions
448
449 //Sample quantiles
450 void Quantiles(Int_t n, Int_t nprob, Double_t *x, Double_t *quantiles, Double_t *prob,
451 Bool_t isSorted=kTRUE, Int_t *index = 0, Int_t type=7);
452
453 // IsInside
454 template <typename T> Bool_t IsInside(T xp, T yp, Int_t np, T *x, T *y);
455
456 // Calculate the Cross Product of two vectors
457 template <typename T> T *Cross(const T v1[3],const T v2[3], T out[3]);
458
459 Float_t Normalize(Float_t v[3]); // Normalize a vector
460 Double_t Normalize(Double_t v[3]); // Normalize a vector
461
462 //Calculate the Normalized Cross Product of two vectors
463 template <typename T> inline T NormCross(const T v1[3],const T v2[3],T out[3]);
464
465 // Calculate a normal vector of a plane
466 template <typename T> T *Normal2Plane(const T v1[3],const T v2[3],const T v3[3], T normal[3]);
467
468 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
469 // Polynomial Functions
470
471 Bool_t RootsCubic(const Double_t coef[4],Double_t &a, Double_t &b, Double_t &c);
472
473 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
474 // Statistic Functions
475
476 Double_t Binomial(Int_t n,Int_t k); // Calculate the binomial coefficient n over k
485 Double_t KolmogorovTest(Int_t na, const Double_t *a, Int_t nb, const Double_t *b, Option_t *option);
494 Double_t Prob(Double_t chi2,Int_t ndf);
501
502 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
503 // Statistics over arrays
504
505 //Mean, Geometric Mean, Median, RMS(sigma)
506
507 template <typename T> Double_t Mean(Long64_t n, const T *a, const Double_t *w=0);
508 template <typename Iterator> Double_t Mean(Iterator first, Iterator last);
509 template <typename Iterator, typename WeightIterator> Double_t Mean(Iterator first, Iterator last, WeightIterator wfirst);
510
511 template <typename T> Double_t GeomMean(Long64_t n, const T *a);
512 template <typename Iterator> Double_t GeomMean(Iterator first, Iterator last);
513
514 template <typename T> Double_t RMS(Long64_t n, const T *a, const Double_t *w=0);
515 template <typename Iterator> Double_t RMS(Iterator first, Iterator last);
516 template <typename Iterator, typename WeightIterator> Double_t RMS(Iterator first, Iterator last, WeightIterator wfirst);
517
518 template <typename T> Double_t StdDev(Long64_t n, const T *a, const Double_t * w = 0) { return RMS<T>(n,a,w); }
519 template <typename Iterator> Double_t StdDev(Iterator first, Iterator last) { return RMS<Iterator>(first,last); }
520 template <typename Iterator, typename WeightIterator> Double_t StdDev(Iterator first, Iterator last, WeightIterator wfirst) { return RMS<Iterator,WeightIterator>(first,last,wfirst); }
521
522 template <typename T> Double_t Median(Long64_t n, const T *a, const Double_t *w=0, Long64_t *work=0);
523
524 //k-th order statistic
525 template <class Element, typename Size> Element KOrdStat(Size n, const Element *a, Size k, Size *work = 0);
526
527 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
528 // Special Functions
529
535
536 // Bessel functions
537 Double_t BesselI(Int_t n,Double_t x); /// integer order modified Bessel function I_n(x)
538 Double_t BesselK(Int_t n,Double_t x); /// integer order modified Bessel function K_n(x)
539 Double_t BesselI0(Double_t x); /// modified Bessel function I_0(x)
540 Double_t BesselK0(Double_t x); /// modified Bessel function K_0(x)
541 Double_t BesselI1(Double_t x); /// modified Bessel function I_1(x)
542 Double_t BesselK1(Double_t x); /// modified Bessel function K_1(x)
543 Double_t BesselJ0(Double_t x); /// Bessel function J0(x) for any real x
544 Double_t BesselJ1(Double_t x); /// Bessel function J1(x) for any real x
545 Double_t BesselY0(Double_t x); /// Bessel function Y0(x) for positive x
546 Double_t BesselY1(Double_t x); /// Bessel function Y1(x) for positive x
547 Double_t StruveH0(Double_t x); /// Struve functions of order 0
548 Double_t StruveH1(Double_t x); /// Struve functions of order 1
549 Double_t StruveL0(Double_t x); /// Modified Struve functions of order 0
550 Double_t StruveL1(Double_t x); /// Modified Struve functions of order 1
551
562}
563
564////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
565// Trig and other functions
566
567#include <float.h>
568
569#if defined(R__WIN32) && !defined(__CINT__)
570# ifndef finite
571# define finite _finite
572# endif
573#endif
574#if defined(R__AIX) || defined(R__SOLARIS_CC50) || \
575 defined(R__HPUX11) || defined(R__GLIBC) || \
576 (defined(R__MACOSX) )
577// math functions are defined inline so we have to include them here
578# include <math.h>
579# ifdef R__SOLARIS_CC50
580 extern "C" { int finite(double); }
581# endif
582// # if defined(R__GLIBC) && defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
583// # ifndef finite
584// # define finite __finite
585// # endif
586// # ifndef isnan
587// # define isnan __isnan
588// # endif
589// # endif
590#else
591// don't want to include complete <math.h>
592extern "C" {
593 extern double sin(double);
594 extern double cos(double);
595 extern double tan(double);
596 extern double sinh(double);
597 extern double cosh(double);
598 extern double tanh(double);
599 extern double asin(double);
600 extern double acos(double);
601 extern double atan(double);
602 extern double atan2(double, double);
603 extern double sqrt(double);
604 extern double exp(double);
605 extern double pow(double, double);
606 extern double log(double);
607 extern double log10(double);
608#ifndef R__WIN32
609# if !defined(finite)
610 extern int finite(double);
611# endif
612# if !defined(isnan)
613 extern int isnan(double);
614# endif
615 extern double ldexp(double, int);
616 extern double ceil(double);
617 extern double floor(double);
618#else
619 _CRTIMP double ldexp(double, int);
620 _CRTIMP double ceil(double);
621 _CRTIMP double floor(double);
622#endif
623}
624#endif
625
626////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
628 { return sin(x); }
629
630////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
632 { return cos(x); }
633
634////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
636 { return tan(x); }
637
638////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
640 { return sinh(x); }
641
642////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
644 { return cosh(x); }
645
646////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
648 { return tanh(x); }
649
650////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
652 { if (x < -1.) return -TMath::Pi()/2;
653 if (x > 1.) return TMath::Pi()/2;
654 return asin(x);
655 }
656
657////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
659 { if (x < -1.) return TMath::Pi();
660 if (x > 1.) return 0;
661 return acos(x);
662 }
663
664////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
666 { return atan(x); }
667
668////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
670 { if (x != 0) return atan2(y, x);
671 if (y == 0) return 0;
672 if (y > 0) return Pi()/2;
673 else return -Pi()/2;
674 }
675
676////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
678 { return x*x; }
679
680////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
682 { return sqrt(x); }
683
684////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
686 { return ceil(x); }
687
688////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
690 { return TMath::Nint(ceil(x)); }
691
692////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
694 { return floor(x); }
695
696////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
698 { return TMath::Nint(floor(x)); }
699
700////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
701/// Round to nearest integer. Rounds half integers to the nearest even integer.
702template<typename T>
704{
705 int i;
706 if (x >= 0) {
707 i = int(x + 0.5);
708 if ( i & 1 && x + 0.5 == T(i) ) i--;
709 } else {
710 i = int(x - 0.5);
711 if ( i & 1 && x - 0.5 == T(i) ) i++;
712 }
713 return i;
714}
715
716////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
718 { return exp(x); }
719
720////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
722 { return ldexp(x, exp); }
723
724////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
726 { return std::pow(x,y); }
727
728////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
730 { return std::pow(x,(LongDouble_t)y); }
731
732////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
734 { return std::pow(x,y); }
735
736////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
738 { return pow(x, y); }
739
740////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
742#ifdef R__ANSISTREAM
743 return std::pow(x, y);
744#else
745 return pow(x, (Double_t) y);
746#endif
747}
748
749////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
751 { return log(x); }
752
753////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
755 { return log10(x); }
756
757////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
758/// Check if it is finite with a mask in order to be consistent in presence of
759/// fast math.
760/// Inspired from the CMSSW FWCore/Utilities package
762#if defined(R__FAST_MATH)
763
764{
765 const unsigned long long mask = 0x7FF0000000000000LL;
766 union { unsigned long long l; double d;} v;
767 v.d =x;
768 return (v.l&mask)!=mask;
769}
770#else
771# if defined(R__HPUX11)
772 { return isfinite(x); }
773# elif defined(R__MACOSX)
774# ifdef isfinite
775 // from math.h
776 { return isfinite(x); }
777# else
778 // from cmath
779 { return std::isfinite(x); }
780# endif
781# else
782 { return finite(x); }
783# endif
784#endif
785
786////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
787/// Check if it is finite with a mask in order to be consistent in presence of
788/// fast math.
789/// Inspired from the CMSSW FWCore/Utilities package
791#if defined(R__FAST_MATH)
792
793{
794 const unsigned int mask = 0x7f800000;
795 union { unsigned int l; float d;} v;
796 v.d =x;
797 return (v.l&mask)!=mask;
798}
799#else
800{ return std::isfinite(x); }
801#endif
802
803// This namespace provides all the routines necessary for checking if a number
804// is a NaN also in presence of optimisations affecting the behaviour of the
805// floating point calculations.
806// Inspired from the CMSSW FWCore/Utilities package
807
808#if defined (R__FAST_MATH)
809namespace ROOT {
810namespace Internal {
811namespace Math {
812// abridged from GNU libc 2.6.1 - in detail from
813// math/math_private.h
814// sysdeps/ieee754/ldbl-96/math_ldbl.h
815
816// part of ths file:
817 /*
818 * ====================================================
819 * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
820 *
821 * Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
822 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
823 * software is freely granted, provided that this notice
824 * is preserved.
825 * ====================================================
826 */
827
828 // A union which permits us to convert between a double and two 32 bit ints.
829 typedef union {
830 Double_t value;
831 struct {
832 UInt_t lsw;
833 UInt_t msw;
834 } parts;
835 } ieee_double_shape_type;
836
837#define EXTRACT_WORDS(ix0,ix1,d) \
838 do { \
839 ieee_double_shape_type ew_u; \
840 ew_u.value = (d); \
841 (ix0) = ew_u.parts.msw; \
842 (ix1) = ew_u.parts.lsw; \
843 } while (0)
844
845 inline Bool_t IsNaN(Double_t x)
846 {
847 UInt_t hx, lx;
848
849 EXTRACT_WORDS(hx, lx, x);
850
851 lx |= hx & 0xfffff;
852 hx &= 0x7ff00000;
853 return (hx == 0x7ff00000) && (lx != 0);
854 }
855
856 typedef union {
857 Float_t value;
858 UInt_t word;
859 } ieee_float_shape_type;
860
861#define GET_FLOAT_WORD(i,d) \
862 do { \
863 ieee_float_shape_type gf_u; \
864 gf_u.value = (d); \
865 (i) = gf_u.word; \
866 } while (0)
867
868 inline Bool_t IsNaN(Float_t x)
869 {
870 UInt_t wx;
871 GET_FLOAT_WORD (wx, x);
872 wx &= 0x7fffffff;
873 return (Bool_t)(wx > 0x7f800000);
874 }
875} } } // end NS ROOT::Internal::Math
876#endif // End R__FAST_MATH
877
878#if defined(R__FAST_MATH)
881#else
884#endif
885
886////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
887// Wrapper to numeric_limits
888
889////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
890/// Returns a quiet NaN as [defined by IEEE 754](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaN#Quiet_NaN)
892
893 return std::numeric_limits<Double_t>::quiet_NaN();
894}
895
896////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
897/// Returns a signaling NaN as defined by IEEE 754](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaN#Signaling_NaN)
899 return std::numeric_limits<Double_t>::signaling_NaN();
900}
901
902////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
903/// Returns an infinity as defined by the IEEE standard
905 return std::numeric_limits<Double_t>::infinity();
906}
907
908////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
909/// Returns maximum representation for type T
910template<typename T>
912 return (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)(); //N.B. use this signature to avoid class with macro min() on Windows
913}
914
915////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
916/// Returns minimum double representation
917template<typename T>
919 return (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)(); //N.B. use this signature to avoid class with macro max() on Windows
920}
921
922////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
923/// Returns minimum double representation
924template<typename T>
927}
928
929////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
930// Advanced.
931
932////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
933/// Calculate the Normalized Cross Product of two vectors
934template <typename T> inline T TMath::NormCross(const T v1[3],const T v2[3],T out[3])
935{
936 return Normalize(Cross(v1,v2,out));
937}
938
939////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
940/// Return minimum of array a of length n.
941template <typename T>
943 return *std::min_element(a,a+n);
944}
945
946////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
947/// Return maximum of array a of length n.
948template <typename T>
950 return *std::max_element(a,a+n);
951}
952
953////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
954/// Return index of array with the minimum element.
955/// If more than one element is minimum returns first found.
956///
957/// Implement here since this one is found to be faster (mainly on 64 bit machines)
958/// than stl generic implementation.
959/// When performing the comparison, the STL implementation needs to de-reference both the array iterator
960/// and the iterator pointing to the resulting minimum location
961template <typename T>
963 if (n <= 0 || !a) return -1;
964 T xmin = a[0];
965 Long64_t loc = 0;
966 for (Long64_t i = 1; i < n; i++) {
967 if (xmin > a[i]) {
968 xmin = a[i];
969 loc = i;
970 }
971 }
972 return loc;
973}
974
975////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
976/// Return index of array with the minimum element.
977/// If more than one element is minimum returns first found.
978template <typename Iterator>
979Iterator TMath::LocMin(Iterator first, Iterator last) {
980
981 return std::min_element(first, last);
982}
983
984////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
985/// Return index of array with the maximum element.
986/// If more than one element is maximum returns first found.
987///
988/// Implement here since it is faster (see comment in LocMin function)
989template <typename T>
991 if (n <= 0 || !a) return -1;
992 T xmax = a[0];
993 Long64_t loc = 0;
994 for (Long64_t i = 1; i < n; i++) {
995 if (xmax < a[i]) {
996 xmax = a[i];
997 loc = i;
998 }
999 }
1000 return loc;
1001}
1002
1003////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1004/// Return index of array with the maximum element.
1005/// If more than one element is maximum returns first found.
1006template <typename Iterator>
1007Iterator TMath::LocMax(Iterator first, Iterator last)
1008{
1009
1010 return std::max_element(first, last);
1011}
1012
1013////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1014/// Return the weighted mean of an array defined by the iterators.
1015template <typename Iterator>
1016Double_t TMath::Mean(Iterator first, Iterator last)
1017{
1018 Double_t sum = 0;
1019 Double_t sumw = 0;
1020 while ( first != last )
1021 {
1022 sum += *first;
1023 sumw += 1;
1024 first++;
1025 }
1026
1027 return sum/sumw;
1028}
1029
1030////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1031/// Return the weighted mean of an array defined by the first and
1032/// last iterators. The w iterator should point to the first element
1033/// of a vector of weights of the same size as the main array.
1034template <typename Iterator, typename WeightIterator>
1035Double_t TMath::Mean(Iterator first, Iterator last, WeightIterator w)
1036{
1037
1038 Double_t sum = 0;
1039 Double_t sumw = 0;
1040 int i = 0;
1041 while ( first != last ) {
1042 if ( *w < 0) {
1043 ::Error("TMath::Mean","w[%d] = %.4e < 0 ?!",i,*w);
1044 return 0;
1045 }
1046 sum += (*w) * (*first);
1047 sumw += (*w) ;
1048 ++w;
1049 ++first;
1050 ++i;
1051 }
1052 if (sumw <= 0) {
1053 ::Error("TMath::Mean","sum of weights == 0 ?!");
1054 return 0;
1055 }
1056
1057 return sum/sumw;
1058}
1059
1060////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1061/// Return the weighted mean of an array a with length n.
1062template <typename T>
1064{
1065 if (w) {
1066 return TMath::Mean(a, a+n, w);
1067 } else {
1068 return TMath::Mean(a, a+n);
1069 }
1070}
1071
1072////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1073/// Return the geometric mean of an array defined by the iterators.
1074/// \f[ GeomMean = (\prod_{i=0}^{n-1} |a[i]|)^{1/n} \f]
1075template <typename Iterator>
1076Double_t TMath::GeomMean(Iterator first, Iterator last)
1077{
1078 Double_t logsum = 0.;
1079 Long64_t n = 0;
1080 while ( first != last ) {
1081 if (*first == 0) return 0.;
1082 Double_t absa = (Double_t) TMath::Abs(*first);
1083 logsum += TMath::Log(absa);
1084 ++first;
1085 ++n;
1086 }
1087
1088 return TMath::Exp(logsum/n);
1089}
1090
1091////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1092/// Return the geometric mean of an array a of size n.
1093/// \f[ GeomMean = (\prod_{i=0}^{n-1} |a[i]|)^{1/n} \f]
1094template <typename T>
1096{
1097 return TMath::GeomMean(a, a+n);
1098}
1099
1100////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1101/// Return the Standard Deviation of an array defined by the iterators.
1102/// Note that this function returns the sigma(standard deviation) and
1103/// not the root mean square of the array.
1104///
1105/// Use the two pass algorithm, which is slower (! a factor of 2) but much more
1106/// precise. Since we have a vector the 2 pass algorithm is still faster than the
1107/// Welford algorithm. (See also ROOT-5545)
1108template <typename Iterator>
1109Double_t TMath::RMS(Iterator first, Iterator last)
1110{
1111
1112 Double_t n = 0;
1113
1114 Double_t tot = 0;
1115 Double_t mean = TMath::Mean(first,last);
1116 while ( first != last ) {
1118 tot += (x - mean)*(x - mean);
1119 ++first;
1120 ++n;
1121 }
1122 Double_t rms = (n > 1) ? TMath::Sqrt(tot/(n-1)) : 0.0;
1123 return rms;
1124}
1125
1126////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1127/// Return the weighted Standard Deviation of an array defined by the iterators.
1128/// Note that this function returns the sigma(standard deviation) and
1129/// not the root mean square of the array.
1130///
1131/// As in the unweighted case use the two pass algorithm
1132template <typename Iterator, typename WeightIterator>
1133Double_t TMath::RMS(Iterator first, Iterator last, WeightIterator w)
1134{
1135 Double_t tot = 0;
1136 Double_t sumw = 0;
1137 Double_t sumw2 = 0;
1138 Double_t mean = TMath::Mean(first,last,w);
1139 while ( first != last ) {
1141 sumw += *w;
1142 sumw2 += (*w) * (*w);
1143 tot += (*w) * (x - mean)*(x - mean);
1144 ++first;
1145 ++w;
1146 }
1147 // use the correction neff/(neff -1) for the unbiased formula
1148 Double_t rms = TMath::Sqrt(tot * sumw/ (sumw*sumw - sumw2) );
1149 return rms;
1150}
1151
1152////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1153/// Return the Standard Deviation of an array a with length n.
1154/// Note that this function returns the sigma(standard deviation) and
1155/// not the root mean square of the array.
1156template <typename T>
1158{
1159 return (w) ? TMath::RMS(a, a+n, w) : TMath::RMS(a, a+n);
1160}
1161
1162////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1163/// Calculate the Cross Product of two vectors:
1164/// out = [v1 x v2]
1165template <typename T> T *TMath::Cross(const T v1[3],const T v2[3], T out[3])
1166{
1167 out[0] = v1[1] * v2[2] - v1[2] * v2[1];
1168 out[1] = v1[2] * v2[0] - v1[0] * v2[2];
1169 out[2] = v1[0] * v2[1] - v1[1] * v2[0];
1170
1171 return out;
1172}
1173
1174////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1175/// Calculate a normal vector of a plane.
1176///
1177/// \param[in] p1, p2,p3 3 3D points belonged the plane to define it.
1178/// \param[out] normal Pointer to 3D normal vector (normalized)
1179template <typename T> T * TMath::Normal2Plane(const T p1[3],const T p2[3],const T p3[3], T normal[3])
1180{
1181 T v1[3], v2[3];
1182
1183 v1[0] = p2[0] - p1[0];
1184 v1[1] = p2[1] - p1[1];
1185 v1[2] = p2[2] - p1[2];
1186
1187 v2[0] = p3[0] - p1[0];
1188 v2[1] = p3[1] - p1[1];
1189 v2[2] = p3[2] - p1[2];
1190
1191 NormCross(v1,v2,normal);
1192 return normal;
1193}
1194
1195////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1196/// Function which returns kTRUE if point xp,yp lies inside the
1197/// polygon defined by the np points in arrays x and y, kFALSE otherwise.
1198/// Note that the polygon may be open or closed.
1199template <typename T> Bool_t TMath::IsInside(T xp, T yp, Int_t np, T *x, T *y)
1200{
1201 Int_t i, j = np-1 ;
1202 Bool_t oddNodes = kFALSE;
1203
1204 for (i=0; i<np; i++) {
1205 if ((y[i]<yp && y[j]>=yp) || (y[j]<yp && y[i]>=yp)) {
1206 if (x[i]+(yp-y[i])/(y[j]-y[i])*(x[j]-x[i])<xp) {
1207 oddNodes = !oddNodes;
1208 }
1209 }
1210 j=i;
1211 }
1212
1213 return oddNodes;
1214}
1215
1216////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1217/// Return the median of the array a where each entry i has weight w[i] .
1218/// Both arrays have a length of at least n . The median is a number obtained
1219/// from the sorted array a through
1220///
1221/// median = (a[jl]+a[jh])/2. where (using also the sorted index on the array w)
1222///
1223/// sum_i=0,jl w[i] <= sumTot/2
1224/// sum_i=0,jh w[i] >= sumTot/2
1225/// sumTot = sum_i=0,n w[i]
1226///
1227/// If w=0, the algorithm defaults to the median definition where it is
1228/// a number that divides the sorted sequence into 2 halves.
1229/// When n is odd or n > 1000, the median is kth element k = (n + 1) / 2.
1230/// when n is even and n < 1000the median is a mean of the elements k = n/2 and k = n/2 + 1.
1231///
1232/// If the weights are supplied (w not 0) all weights must be >= 0
1233///
1234/// If work is supplied, it is used to store the sorting index and assumed to be
1235/// >= n . If work=0, local storage is used, either on the stack if n < kWorkMax
1236/// or on the heap for n >= kWorkMax .
1237template <typename T> Double_t TMath::Median(Long64_t n, const T *a, const Double_t *w, Long64_t *work)
1238{
1239
1240 const Int_t kWorkMax = 100;
1241
1242 if (n <= 0 || !a) return 0;
1243 Bool_t isAllocated = kFALSE;
1244 Double_t median;
1245 Long64_t *ind;
1246 Long64_t workLocal[kWorkMax];
1247
1248 if (work) {
1249 ind = work;
1250 } else {
1251 ind = workLocal;
1252 if (n > kWorkMax) {
1253 isAllocated = kTRUE;
1254 ind = new Long64_t[n];
1255 }
1256 }
1257
1258 if (w) {
1259 Double_t sumTot2 = 0;
1260 for (Int_t j = 0; j < n; j++) {
1261 if (w[j] < 0) {
1262 ::Error("TMath::Median","w[%d] = %.4e < 0 ?!",j,w[j]);
1263 if (isAllocated) delete [] ind;
1264 return 0;
1265 }
1266 sumTot2 += w[j];
1267 }
1268
1269 sumTot2 /= 2.;
1270
1271 Sort(n, a, ind, kFALSE);
1272
1273 Double_t sum = 0.;
1274 Int_t jl;
1275 for (jl = 0; jl < n; jl++) {
1276 sum += w[ind[jl]];
1277 if (sum >= sumTot2) break;
1278 }
1279
1280 Int_t jh;
1281 sum = 2.*sumTot2;
1282 for (jh = n-1; jh >= 0; jh--) {
1283 sum -= w[ind[jh]];
1284 if (sum <= sumTot2) break;
1285 }
1286
1287 median = 0.5*(a[ind[jl]]+a[ind[jh]]);
1288
1289 } else {
1290
1291 if (n%2 == 1)
1292 median = KOrdStat(n, a,n/2, ind);
1293 else {
1294 median = 0.5*(KOrdStat(n, a, n/2 -1, ind)+KOrdStat(n, a, n/2, ind));
1295 }
1296 }
1297
1298 if (isAllocated)
1299 delete [] ind;
1300 return median;
1301}
1302
1303////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1304/// Returns k_th order statistic of the array a of size n
1305/// (k_th smallest element out of n elements).
1306///
1307/// C-convention is used for array indexing, so if you want
1308/// the second smallest element, call KOrdStat(n, a, 1).
1309///
1310/// If work is supplied, it is used to store the sorting index and
1311/// assumed to be >= n. If work=0, local storage is used, either on
1312/// the stack if n < kWorkMax or on the heap for n >= kWorkMax.
1313/// Note that the work index array will not contain the sorted indices but
1314/// all indices of the smaller element in arbitrary order in work[0,...,k-1] and
1315/// all indices of the larger element in arbitrary order in work[k+1,..,n-1]
1316/// work[k] will contain instead the index of the returned element.
1317///
1318/// Taken from "Numerical Recipes in C++" without the index array
1319/// implemented by Anna Khreshuk.
1320///
1321/// See also the declarations at the top of this file
1322template <class Element, typename Size>
1323Element TMath::KOrdStat(Size n, const Element *a, Size k, Size *work)
1324{
1325
1326 const Int_t kWorkMax = 100;
1327
1328 typedef Size Index;
1329
1330 Bool_t isAllocated = kFALSE;
1331 Size i, ir, j, l, mid;
1332 Index arr;
1333 Index *ind;
1334 Index workLocal[kWorkMax];
1335 Index temp;
1336
1337 if (work) {
1338 ind = work;
1339 } else {
1340 ind = workLocal;
1341 if (n > kWorkMax) {
1342 isAllocated = kTRUE;
1343 ind = new Index[n];
1344 }
1345 }
1346
1347 for (Size ii=0; ii<n; ii++) {
1348 ind[ii]=ii;
1349 }
1350 Size rk = k;
1351 l=0;
1352 ir = n-1;
1353 for(;;) {
1354 if (ir<=l+1) { //active partition contains 1 or 2 elements
1355 if (ir == l+1 && a[ind[ir]]<a[ind[l]])
1356 {temp = ind[l]; ind[l]=ind[ir]; ind[ir]=temp;}
1357 Element tmp = a[ind[rk]];
1358 if (isAllocated)
1359 delete [] ind;
1360 return tmp;
1361 } else {
1362 mid = (l+ir) >> 1; //choose median of left, center and right
1363 {temp = ind[mid]; ind[mid]=ind[l+1]; ind[l+1]=temp;}//elements as partitioning element arr.
1364 if (a[ind[l]]>a[ind[ir]]) //also rearrange so that a[l]<=a[l+1]
1365 {temp = ind[l]; ind[l]=ind[ir]; ind[ir]=temp;}
1366
1367 if (a[ind[l+1]]>a[ind[ir]])
1368 {temp=ind[l+1]; ind[l+1]=ind[ir]; ind[ir]=temp;}
1369
1370 if (a[ind[l]]>a[ind[l+1]])
1371 {temp = ind[l]; ind[l]=ind[l+1]; ind[l+1]=temp;}
1372
1373 i=l+1; //initialize pointers for partitioning
1374 j=ir;
1375 arr = ind[l+1];
1376 for (;;){
1377 do i++; while (a[ind[i]]<a[arr]);
1378 do j--; while (a[ind[j]]>a[arr]);
1379 if (j<i) break; //pointers crossed, partitioning complete
1380 {temp=ind[i]; ind[i]=ind[j]; ind[j]=temp;}
1381 }
1382 ind[l+1]=ind[j];
1383 ind[j]=arr;
1384 if (j>=rk) ir = j-1; //keep active the partition that
1385 if (j<=rk) l=i; //contains the k_th element
1386 }
1387 }
1388}
1389
1390#endif
ROOT::R::TRInterface & r
Definition: Object.C:4
#define d(i)
Definition: RSha256.hxx:102
#define b(i)
Definition: RSha256.hxx:100
#define c(i)
Definition: RSha256.hxx:101
int Int_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:41
unsigned int UInt_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:42
const Bool_t kFALSE
Definition: RtypesCore.h:88
unsigned long ULong_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:51
long Long_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:50
bool Bool_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:59
double Double_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:55
long double LongDouble_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:57
long long Long64_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:69
float Float_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:53
const Bool_t kTRUE
Definition: RtypesCore.h:87
const char Option_t
Definition: RtypesCore.h:62
void Error(const char *location, const char *msgfmt,...)
#define N
TGLVector3 Cross(const TGLVector3 &v1, const TGLVector3 &v2)
Definition: TGLUtil.h:322
int type
Definition: TGX11.cxx:120
float xmin
Definition: THbookFile.cxx:93
float * q
Definition: THbookFile.cxx:87
float xmax
Definition: THbookFile.cxx:93
double atan2(double, double)
double tanh(double)
double cosh(double)
double ceil(double)
double acos(double)
int isnan(double)
double sinh(double)
double cos(double)
double pow(double, double)
double log10(double)
double floor(double)
double ldexp(double, int)
int finite(double)
double atan(double)
double tan(double)
double sqrt(double)
double sin(double)
double asin(double)
double exp(double)
double log(double)
double beta(double x, double y)
Calculates the beta function.
const Double_t sigma
Double_t y[n]
Definition: legend1.C:17
Double_t x[n]
Definition: legend1.C:17
const Int_t n
Definition: legend1.C:16
#define F(x, y, z)
Namespace for new Math classes and functions.
double gamma(double x)
double T(double x)
Definition: ChebyshevPol.h:34
VSD Structures.
Definition: StringConv.hxx:21
RooCmdArg Index(RooCategory &icat)
static constexpr double s
TMath.
Definition: TMathBase.h:35
Double_t FDistI(Double_t F, Double_t N, Double_t M)
Calculates the cumulative distribution function of F-distribution, this function occurs in the statis...
Definition: TMath.cxx:2266
Double_t GeomMean(Long64_t n, const T *a)
Return the geometric mean of an array a of size n.
Definition: TMath.h:1095
Double_t LogNormal(Double_t x, Double_t sigma, Double_t theta=0, Double_t m=1)
Computes the density of LogNormal distribution at point x.
Definition: TMath.cxx:2404
constexpr Double_t G()
Gravitational constant in: .
Definition: TMath.h:139
Double_t CosH(Double_t)
Definition: TMath.h:643
T * Normal2Plane(const T v1[3], const T v2[3], const T v3[3], T normal[3])
Calculate a normal vector of a plane.
Definition: TMath.h:1179
Double_t DiLog(Double_t x)
Modified Struve functions of order 1.
Definition: TMath.cxx:110
Double_t BetaDist(Double_t x, Double_t p, Double_t q)
Computes the probability density function of the Beta distribution (the distribution function is comp...
Definition: TMath.cxx:2051
Double_t ACos(Double_t)
Definition: TMath.h:658
Double_t BesselI(Int_t n, Double_t x)
Compute the Integer Order Modified Bessel function I_n(x) for n=0,1,2,... and any real x.
Definition: TMath.cxx:1572
Element KOrdStat(Size n, const Element *a, Size k, Size *work=0)
Returns k_th order statistic of the array a of size n (k_th smallest element out of n elements).
Definition: TMath.h:1323
Double_t Gaus(Double_t x, Double_t mean=0, Double_t sigma=1, Bool_t norm=kFALSE)
Calculate a gaussian function with mean and sigma.
Definition: TMath.cxx:448
Bool_t IsNaN(Double_t x)
Definition: TMath.h:882
constexpr Double_t GUncertainty()
Gravitational constant uncertainty.
Definition: TMath.h:153
constexpr Double_t C()
Velocity of light in .
Definition: TMath.h:118
Double_t Factorial(Int_t i)
Compute factorial(n).
Definition: TMath.cxx:247
Double_t KolmogorovTest(Int_t na, const Double_t *a, Int_t nb, const Double_t *b, Option_t *option)
Statistical test whether two one-dimensional sets of points are compatible with coming from the same ...
Definition: TMath.cxx:789
constexpr Double_t GhbarCUncertainty()
uncertainty.
Definition: TMath.h:167
Long64_t LocMin(Long64_t n, const T *a)
Return index of array with the minimum element.
Definition: TMath.h:962
constexpr Double_t Ccgs()
Definition: TMath.h:125
constexpr Double_t SigmaUncertainty()
Stefan-Boltzmann constant uncertainty.
Definition: TMath.h:276
Int_t Nint(T x)
Round to nearest integer. Rounds half integers to the nearest even integer.
Definition: TMath.h:703
Double_t BinomialI(Double_t p, Int_t n, Int_t k)
Suppose an event occurs with probability p per trial Then the probability P of its occurring k or mor...
Definition: TMath.cxx:2115
Double_t Vavilov(Double_t x, Double_t kappa, Double_t beta2)
Returns the value of the Vavilov density function.
Definition: TMath.cxx:2741
Double_t Binomial(Int_t n, Int_t k)
Calculate the binomial coefficient n over k.
Definition: TMath.cxx:2090
Float_t Normalize(Float_t v[3])
Normalize a vector v in place.
Definition: TMath.cxx:495
constexpr Double_t NaUncertainty()
Avogadro constant (Avogadro's Number) uncertainty.
Definition: TMath.h:290
Double_t Prob(Double_t chi2, Int_t ndf)
Computation of the probability for a certain Chi-squared (chi2) and number of degrees of freedom (ndf...
Definition: TMath.cxx:621
Bool_t IsInside(T xp, T yp, Int_t np, T *x, T *y)
Function which returns kTRUE if point xp,yp lies inside the polygon defined by the np points in array...
Definition: TMath.h:1199
Double_t ASin(Double_t)
Definition: TMath.h:651
Double_t Log2(Double_t x)
Definition: TMath.cxx:101
Double_t BesselK1(Double_t x)
modified Bessel function I_1(x)
Definition: TMath.cxx:1511
void BubbleHigh(Int_t Narr, Double_t *arr1, Int_t *arr2)
Bubble sort variant to obtain the order of an array's elements into an index in order to do more usef...
Definition: TMath.cxx:1296
Double_t Exp(Double_t x)
Definition: TMath.h:717
Double_t BesselI1(Double_t x)
modified Bessel function K_0(x)
Definition: TMath.cxx:1476
Double_t Erf(Double_t x)
Computation of the error function erf(x).
Definition: TMath.cxx:184
Bool_t Permute(Int_t n, Int_t *a)
Simple recursive algorithm to find the permutations of n natural numbers, not necessarily all distinc...
Definition: TMath.cxx:2524
Double_t QuietNaN()
Returns a quiet NaN as defined by IEEE 754
Definition: TMath.h:891
Double_t Floor(Double_t x)
Definition: TMath.h:693
Double_t PoissonI(Double_t x, Double_t par)
Compute the Poisson distribution function for (x,par) This is a non-smooth function.
Definition: TMath.cxx:599
Double_t CauchyDist(Double_t x, Double_t t=0, Double_t s=1)
Computes the density of Cauchy distribution at point x by default, standard Cauchy distribution is us...
Definition: TMath.cxx:2148
Double_t ATan(Double_t)
Definition: TMath.h:665
Double_t StruveL1(Double_t x)
Modified Struve functions of order 0.
Definition: TMath.cxx:1950
constexpr Double_t Gn()
Standard acceleration of gravity in .
Definition: TMath.h:174
Double_t ASinH(Double_t)
Definition: TMath.cxx:64
Double_t LaplaceDistI(Double_t x, Double_t alpha=0, Double_t beta=1)
Computes the distribution function of Laplace distribution at point x, with location parameter alpha ...
Definition: TMath.cxx:2348
ULong_t Hash(const void *txt, Int_t ntxt)
Calculates hash index from any char string.
Definition: TMath.cxx:1390
Double_t Normalize(Double_t v[3])
Normalize a vector v in place.
Definition: TMath.cxx:512
constexpr Double_t QeUncertainty()
Elementary charge uncertainty.
Definition: TMath.h:343
constexpr Double_t K()
Boltzmann's constant in .
Definition: TMath.h:247
Double_t BreitWigner(Double_t x, Double_t mean=0, Double_t gamma=1)
Calculate a Breit Wigner function with mean and gamma.
Definition: TMath.cxx:437
constexpr Double_t Sqrt2()
Definition: TMath.h:89
constexpr Double_t KUncertainty()
Boltzmann's constant uncertainty.
Definition: TMath.h:261
constexpr Double_t Hbarcgs()
Definition: TMath.h:218
Double_t Landau(Double_t x, Double_t mpv=0, Double_t sigma=1, Bool_t norm=kFALSE)
The LANDAU function.
Definition: TMath.cxx:469
Double_t Voigt(Double_t x, Double_t sigma, Double_t lg, Int_t r=4)
Computation of Voigt function (normalised).
Definition: TMath.cxx:882
Double_t Student(Double_t T, Double_t ndf)
Computes density function for Student's t- distribution (the probability function (integral of densit...
Definition: TMath.cxx:2590
constexpr Double_t CUncertainty()
Speed of light uncertainty.
Definition: TMath.h:132
constexpr Double_t Qe()
Elementary charge in .
Definition: TMath.h:336
Double_t Ceil(Double_t x)
Definition: TMath.h:685
constexpr Double_t PiOver2()
Definition: TMath.h:52
constexpr Double_t HCcgs()
Definition: TMath.h:239
T MinElement(Long64_t n, const T *a)
Return minimum of array a of length n.
Definition: TMath.h:942
Double_t BetaDistI(Double_t x, Double_t p, Double_t q)
Computes the distribution function of the Beta distribution.
Definition: TMath.cxx:2069
T NormCross(const T v1[3], const T v2[3], T out[3])
Calculate the Normalized Cross Product of two vectors.
Definition: TMath.h:934
Int_t Finite(Double_t x)
Check if it is finite with a mask in order to be consistent in presence of fast math.
Definition: TMath.h:761
Double_t TanH(Double_t)
Definition: TMath.h:647
Int_t FloorNint(Double_t x)
Definition: TMath.h:697
Double_t ACosH(Double_t)
Definition: TMath.cxx:77
Double_t BesselK0(Double_t x)
modified Bessel function I_0(x)
Definition: TMath.cxx:1442
Double_t BesselY0(Double_t x)
Bessel function J1(x) for any real x.
Definition: TMath.cxx:1687
Double_t ATan2(Double_t y, Double_t x)
Definition: TMath.h:669
constexpr Double_t RUncertainty()
Universal gas constant uncertainty.
Definition: TMath.h:306
Double_t BetaCf(Double_t x, Double_t a, Double_t b)
Continued fraction evaluation by modified Lentz's method used in calculation of incomplete Beta funct...
Definition: TMath.cxx:2000
Long64_t LocMax(Long64_t n, const T *a)
Return index of array with the maximum element.
Definition: TMath.h:990
Double_t ErfInverse(Double_t x)
returns the inverse error function x must be <-1<x<1
Definition: TMath.cxx:203
Double_t LaplaceDist(Double_t x, Double_t alpha=0, Double_t beta=1)
Computes the probability density function of Laplace distribution at point x, with location parameter...
Definition: TMath.cxx:2332
constexpr Double_t E()
Base of natural log:
Definition: TMath.h:97
constexpr Double_t GnUncertainty()
Standard acceleration of gravity uncertainty.
Definition: TMath.h:181
constexpr Double_t Hcgs()
Definition: TMath.h:196
constexpr Double_t HUncertainty()
Planck's constant uncertainty.
Definition: TMath.h:203
Double_t Log(Double_t x)
Definition: TMath.h:750
constexpr Double_t DegToRad()
Conversion from degree to radian:
Definition: TMath.h:82
Double_t Mean(Long64_t n, const T *a, const Double_t *w=0)
Return the weighted mean of an array a with length n.
Definition: TMath.h:1063
Double_t Erfc(Double_t x)
Compute the complementary error function erfc(x).
Definition: TMath.cxx:194
Double_t VavilovI(Double_t x, Double_t kappa, Double_t beta2)
Returns the value of the Vavilov distribution function.
Definition: TMath.cxx:2774
constexpr Double_t Sigma()
Stefan-Boltzmann constant in .
Definition: TMath.h:269
Double_t Beta(Double_t p, Double_t q)
Calculates Beta-function Gamma(p)*Gamma(q)/Gamma(p+q).
Definition: TMath.cxx:1991
constexpr Double_t Kcgs()
Definition: TMath.h:254
Double_t Sq(Double_t x)
Definition: TMath.h:677
Double_t Poisson(Double_t x, Double_t par)
Compute the Poisson distribution function for (x,par) The Poisson PDF is implemented by means of Eule...
Definition: TMath.cxx:568
constexpr Double_t H()
Planck's constant in .
Definition: TMath.h:189
Double_t Sqrt(Double_t x)
Definition: TMath.h:681
LongDouble_t Power(LongDouble_t x, LongDouble_t y)
Definition: TMath.h:725
Int_t CeilNint(Double_t x)
Definition: TMath.h:689
Double_t Ldexp(Double_t x, Int_t exp)
Definition: TMath.h:721
Double_t BesselJ0(Double_t x)
modified Bessel function K_1(x)
Definition: TMath.cxx:1616
constexpr Double_t LogE()
Base-10 log of e (to convert ln to log)
Definition: TMath.h:111
Double_t Gamma(Double_t z)
Computation of gamma(z) for all z.
Definition: TMath.cxx:348
constexpr Double_t MWair()
Molecular weight of dry air 1976 US Standard Atmosphere in or
Definition: TMath.h:314
constexpr Double_t Gcgs()
Definition: TMath.h:146
Double_t StruveL0(Double_t x)
Struve functions of order 1.
Definition: TMath.cxx:1904
Double_t NormQuantile(Double_t p)
Computes quantiles for standard normal distribution N(0, 1) at probability p.
Definition: TMath.cxx:2423
constexpr Double_t Ln10()
Natural log of 10 (to convert log to ln)
Definition: TMath.h:104
Double_t Hypot(Double_t x, Double_t y)
Definition: TMath.cxx:57
constexpr Double_t EulerGamma()
Euler-Mascheroni Constant.
Definition: TMath.h:329
constexpr Double_t PiOver4()
Definition: TMath.h:59
Double_t Cos(Double_t)
Definition: TMath.h:631
constexpr Double_t Pi()
Definition: TMath.h:38
Double_t StruveH0(Double_t x)
Bessel function Y1(x) for positive x.
Definition: TMath.cxx:1759
constexpr Double_t R()
Universal gas constant ( ) in
Definition: TMath.h:299
Double_t LnGamma(Double_t z)
Computation of ln[gamma(z)] for all z.
Definition: TMath.cxx:486
Bool_t AreEqualRel(Double_t af, Double_t bf, Double_t relPrec)
Definition: TMath.h:418
Bool_t AreEqualAbs(Double_t af, Double_t bf, Double_t epsilon)
Definition: TMath.h:412
Double_t KolmogorovProb(Double_t z)
Calculates the Kolmogorov distribution function,.
Definition: TMath.cxx:663
constexpr Double_t InvPi()
Definition: TMath.h:66
Bool_t RootsCubic(const Double_t coef[4], Double_t &a, Double_t &b, Double_t &c)
Calculates roots of polynomial of 3rd order a*x^3 + b*x^2 + c*x + d, where.
Definition: TMath.cxx:1091
Double_t ChisquareQuantile(Double_t p, Double_t ndf)
Evaluate the quantiles of the chi-squared probability distribution function.
Definition: TMath.cxx:2164
Double_t Sin(Double_t)
Definition: TMath.h:627
Double_t FDist(Double_t F, Double_t N, Double_t M)
Computes the density function of F-distribution (probability function, integral of density,...
Definition: TMath.cxx:2247
Double_t RMS(Long64_t n, const T *a, const Double_t *w=0)
Return the Standard Deviation of an array a with length n.
Definition: TMath.h:1157
Double_t SignalingNaN()
Returns a signaling NaN as defined by IEEE 754](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaN#Signaling_NaN)
Definition: TMath.h:898
void Sort(Index n, const Element *a, Index *index, Bool_t down=kTRUE)
Definition: TMathBase.h:362
T * Cross(const T v1[3], const T v2[3], T out[3])
Calculate the Cross Product of two vectors: out = [v1 x v2].
Definition: TMath.h:1165
void BubbleLow(Int_t Narr, Double_t *arr1, Int_t *arr2)
Opposite ordering of the array arr2[] to that of BubbleHigh.
Definition: TMath.cxx:1335
Double_t BesselK(Int_t n, Double_t x)
integer order modified Bessel function I_n(x)
Definition: TMath.cxx:1543
constexpr Double_t Na()
Avogadro constant (Avogadro's Number) in .
Definition: TMath.h:283
Double_t Median(Long64_t n, const T *a, const Double_t *w=0, Long64_t *work=0)
Return the median of the array a where each entry i has weight w[i] .
Definition: TMath.h:1237
T MaxElement(Long64_t n, const T *a)
Return maximum of array a of length n.
Definition: TMath.h:949
Double_t BesselJ1(Double_t x)
Bessel function J0(x) for any real x.
Definition: TMath.cxx:1651
Double_t BetaIncomplete(Double_t x, Double_t a, Double_t b)
Calculates the incomplete Beta-function.
Definition: TMath.cxx:2082
constexpr Double_t Rgair()
Dry Air Gas Constant (R / MWair) in
Definition: TMath.h:322
constexpr Double_t Hbar()
in
Definition: TMath.h:211
Double_t StruveH1(Double_t x)
Struve functions of order 0.
Definition: TMath.cxx:1828
Double_t Freq(Double_t x)
Computation of the normal frequency function freq(x).
Definition: TMath.cxx:265
Double_t Tan(Double_t)
Definition: TMath.h:635
Double_t LandauI(Double_t x)
Returns the value of the Landau distribution function at point x.
Definition: TMath.cxx:2803
Bool_t IsNaN(Float_t x)
Definition: TMath.h:883
Double_t ATanH(Double_t)
Definition: TMath.cxx:90
void Quantiles(Int_t n, Int_t nprob, Double_t *x, Double_t *quantiles, Double_t *prob, Bool_t isSorted=kTRUE, Int_t *index=0, Int_t type=7)
Computes sample quantiles, corresponding to the given probabilities.
Definition: TMath.cxx:1190
constexpr Double_t RadToDeg()
Conversion from radian to degree:
Definition: TMath.h:74
Double_t BesselI0(Double_t x)
integer order modified Bessel function K_n(x)
Definition: TMath.cxx:1408
Double_t Log10(Double_t x)
Definition: TMath.h:754
Double_t StudentI(Double_t T, Double_t ndf)
Calculates the cumulative distribution function of Student's t-distribution second parameter stands f...
Definition: TMath.cxx:2612
Double_t StudentQuantile(Double_t p, Double_t ndf, Bool_t lower_tail=kTRUE)
Computes quantiles of the Student's t-distribution 1st argument is the probability,...
Definition: TMath.cxx:2640
Double_t BesselY1(Double_t x)
Bessel function Y0(x) for positive x.
Definition: TMath.cxx:1721
Short_t Abs(Short_t d)
Definition: TMathBase.h:120
Double_t StdDev(Long64_t n, const T *a, const Double_t *w=0)
Definition: TMath.h:518
Double_t GammaDist(Double_t x, Double_t gamma, Double_t mu=0, Double_t beta=1)
Computes the density function of Gamma distribution at point x.
Definition: TMath.cxx:2315
constexpr Double_t GhbarC()
in
Definition: TMath.h:160
constexpr Double_t HC()
in
Definition: TMath.h:232
constexpr Double_t TwoPi()
Definition: TMath.h:45
constexpr Double_t HbarUncertainty()
uncertainty.
Definition: TMath.h:225
Double_t Infinity()
Returns an infinity as defined by the IEEE standard.
Definition: TMath.h:904
Double_t ErfcInverse(Double_t x)
returns the inverse of the complementary error function x must be 0<x<2 implement using the quantile ...
Definition: TMath.cxx:237
Double_t SinH(Double_t)
Definition: TMath.h:639
Definition: first.py:1
const char * Size
Definition: TXMLSetup.cxx:55
static T Min()
Returns maximum representation for type T.
Definition: TMath.h:911
static T Epsilon()
Returns minimum double representation.
Definition: TMath.h:925
static T Max()
Returns minimum double representation.
Definition: TMath.h:918
auto * m
Definition: textangle.C:8
auto * l
Definition: textangle.C:4
auto * a
Definition: textangle.C:12
static long int sum(long int i)
Definition: Factory.cxx:2276
REAL epsilon
Definition: triangle.c:617