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invertMatrix.C File Reference

Detailed Description

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This macro shows several ways to invert a matrix .

Each method is a trade-off between accuracy of the inversion and speed. Which method to chose depends on "how well-behaved" the matrix is. This is best checked through a call to Condition(), available in each decomposition class. A second possibility (less preferred) would be to check the determinant

USAGE

This macro can be executed with Cling or ACLIC

--------------------------------------------------------
Inversion results for a (6,6) matrix
For each inversion procedure we check the maximum size
of the off-diagonal elements of Inv(A) * A
--------------------------------------------------------
1. Use .InvertFast(&det)
Maximum off-diagonal = 8.31175e-05
Determinant = 5.3673e-18
2. Use .Invert(&det)
Maximum off-diagonal = 1.74623e-10
Determinant = 5.3673e-18
3. Use TDecompLU
Maximum off-diagonal = 1.74623e-10
Determinant = 5.3673e-18
4. Use TDecompSVD on non-square matrix
Maximum off-diagonal = 5.45697e-12
Determinant = 1.34646e-11
#include <iostream>
#include "TMath.h"
#include "TMatrixD.h"
#include "TMatrixDLazy.h"
#include "TVectorD.h"
#include "TDecompLU.h"
#include "TDecompSVD.h"
void invertMatrix(Int_t msize=6)
{
if (msize < 2 || msize > 10) {
std::cout << "2 <= msize <= 10" <<std::endl;
return;
}
std::cout << "--------------------------------------------------------" <<std::endl;
std::cout << "Inversion results for a ("<<msize<<","<<msize<<") matrix" <<std::endl;
std::cout << "For each inversion procedure we check the maximum size " <<std::endl;
std::cout << "of the off-diagonal elements of Inv(A) * A " <<std::endl;
std::cout << "--------------------------------------------------------" <<std::endl;
TMatrixD H_square = THilbertMatrixD(msize,msize);
// ### 1. InvertFast(Double_t *det=0)
// It is identical to Invert() for sizes > 6 x 6 but for smaller sizes, the
// inversion is performed according to Cramer's rule by explicitly calculating
// all Jacobi's sub-determinants . For instance for a 6 x 6 matrix this means:
// \# of 5 x 5 determinant : 36
// \# of 4 x 4 determinant : 75
// \# of 3 x 3 determinant : 80
// \# of 2 x 2 determinant : 45 (see TMatrixD/FCramerInv.cxx)
//
// The only "quality" control in this process is to check whether the 6 x 6
// determinant is unequal 0 . But speed gains are significant compared to Invert() ,
// up to an order of magnitude for sizes <= 4 x 4
//
// The inversion is done "in place", so the original matrix will be overwritten
// If a pointer to a Double_t is supplied the determinant is calculated
//
std::cout << "1. Use .InvertFast(&det)" <<std::endl;
if (msize > 6)
std::cout << " for ("<<msize<<","<<msize<<") this is identical to .Invert(&det)" <<std::endl;
Double_t det1;
TMatrixD H1 = H_square;
H1.InvertFast(&det1);
// Get the maximum off-diagonal matrix value . One way to do this is to set the
// diagonal to zero .
TMatrixD U1(H1,TMatrixD::kMult,H_square);
TMatrixDDiag diag1(U1); diag1 = 0.0;
const Double_t U1_max_offdiag = (U1.Abs()).Max();
std::cout << " Maximum off-diagonal = " << U1_max_offdiag << std::endl;
std::cout << " Determinant = " << det1 << std::endl;
// ### 2. Invert(Double_t *det=0)
// Again the inversion is performed in place .
// It consists out of a sequence of calls to the decomposition classes . For instance
// for the general dense matrix TMatrixD the LU decomposition is invoked:
// - The matrix is decomposed using a scheme according to Crout which involves
// "implicit partial pivoting", see for instance Num. Recip. (we have also available
// a decomposition scheme that does not the scaling and is therefore even slightly
// faster but less stable)
// With each decomposition, a tolerance has to be specified . If this tolerance
// requirement is not met, the matrix is regarded as being singular. The value
// passed to this decomposition, is the data member fTol of the matrix . Its
// default value is DBL_EPSILON, which is defined as the smallest number so that
// 1+DBL_EPSILON > 1
// - The last step is a standard forward/backward substitution .
//
// It is important to realize that both InvertFast() and Invert() are "one-shot" deals , speed
// comes at a price . If something goes wrong because the matrix is (near) singular, you have
// overwritten your original matrix and no factorization is available anymore to get more
// information like condition number or change the tolerance number .
//
// All other calls in the matrix classes involving inversion like the ones with the "smart"
// constructors (kInverted,kInvMult...) use this inversion method .
//
std::cout << "2. Use .Invert(&det)" << std::endl;
Double_t det2;
TMatrixD H2 = H_square;
H2.Invert(&det2);
TMatrixD U2(H2,TMatrixD::kMult,H_square);
TMatrixDDiag diag2(U2); diag2 = 0.0;
const Double_t U2_max_offdiag = (U2.Abs()).Max();
std::cout << " Maximum off-diagonal = " << U2_max_offdiag << std::endl;
std::cout << " Determinant = " << det2 << std::endl;
// ### 3. Inversion through LU decomposition
// The (default) algorithms used are similar to 2. (Not identical because in 2, the whole
// calculation is done "in-place". Here the original matrix is copied (so more memory
// management => slower) and several operations can be performed without having to repeat
// the decomposition step .
// Inverting a matrix is nothing else than solving a set of equations where the rhs is given
// by the unit matrix, so the steps to take are identical to those solving a linear equation :
//
std::cout << "3. Use TDecompLU" << std::endl;
TMatrixD H3 = H_square;
TDecompLU lu(H_square);
// Any operation that requires a decomposition will trigger it . The class keeps
// an internal state so that following operations will not perform the decomposition again
// unless the matrix is changed through SetMatrix(..)
// One might want to proceed more cautiously by invoking first Decompose() and check its
// return value before proceeding....
lu.Invert(H3);
Double_t d1_lu; Double_t d2_lu;
lu.Det(d1_lu,d2_lu);
Double_t det3 = d1_lu*TMath::Power(2.,d2_lu);
TMatrixD U3(H3,TMatrixD::kMult,H_square);
TMatrixDDiag diag3(U3); diag3 = 0.0;
const Double_t U3_max_offdiag = (U3.Abs()).Max();
std::cout << " Maximum off-diagonal = " << U3_max_offdiag << std::endl;
std::cout << " Determinant = " << det3 << std::endl;
// ### 4. Inversion through SVD decomposition
// For SVD and QRH, the (n x m) matrix does only have to fulfill n >=m . In case n > m
// a pseudo-inverse is calculated
std::cout << "4. Use TDecompSVD on non-square matrix" << std::endl;
TMatrixD H_nsquare = THilbertMatrixD(msize,msize-1);
TDecompSVD svd(H_nsquare);
TMatrixD H4 = svd.Invert();
Double_t d1_svd; Double_t d2_svd;
svd.Det(d1_svd,d2_svd);
Double_t det4 = d1_svd*TMath::Power(2.,d2_svd);
TMatrixD U4(H4,TMatrixD::kMult,H_nsquare);
TMatrixDDiag diag4(U4); diag4 = 0.0;
const Double_t U4_max_offdiag = (U4.Abs()).Max();
std::cout << " Maximum off-diagonal = " << U4_max_offdiag << std::endl;
std::cout << " Determinant = " << det4 << std::endl;
}
int Int_t
Definition RtypesCore.h:45
double Double_t
Definition RtypesCore.h:59
THilbertMatrixT< Double_t > THilbertMatrixD
LU Decomposition class.
Definition TDecompLU.h:24
Single Value Decomposition class.
Definition TDecompSVD.h:24
TMatrixT< Element > & InvertFast(Double_t *det=nullptr)
Invert the matrix and calculate its determinant, however upto (6x6) a fast Cramer inversion is used .
TMatrixT< Element > & Invert(Double_t *det=nullptr)
Invert the matrix and calculate its determinant.
LongDouble_t Power(LongDouble_t x, LongDouble_t y)
Returns x raised to the power y.
Definition TMath.h:721
Author
Eddy Offermann

Definition in file invertMatrix.C.